大般涅槃經義記 10.131

10.131

上來觀苦，次觀苦因。於中初先結前生後，「即愛無明」正出因體。下辨其相，兩義分別：一就求身求財分二，先舉、次列。「二俱是苦」辨過令厭，「是故當」下辨因令斷。二就貪身貪色分二，先舉、次列。愛身名內，著色名外。下彰其過，三番辨之：一偏約起業以彰其過，「內能作業、外能增長」。現貪身樂，造作罪業，名為作業。著外色境，令罪熾盛，名為增長。二通望業果以彰其過，「內能作業，外作業果」。為求後身造諸業行名為作業，由貪色境於受身時潤生後報名作業果。由內作業，故「斷內愛，業即得斷」。由外作果，故「斷外愛。果即得斷」。三偏望苦果以彰其過，「內生來苦、外生現苦」。內貪己身造業趣求故生來苦，外貪色欲追求生惱故生現苦。

Having contemplated suffering above, next it contemplates the causes of suffering. Herein, first it ties together what came before and introduces what follows; "namely, craving and ignorance" directly brings out the essence of the causes. Below, it analyzes their characteristics, distinguishing them in two senses: first, dividing into two in terms of seeking the body and seeking wealth, first mentioning them, and next listing them. "Both are suffering" points out the fault so as to induce revulsion; from "therefore one should..." onward, it analyzes the cause so as to effect cessation. Second, dividing into two in terms of craving for the body and craving for form, first mentioning them, and next listing them. Craving for the body is termed internal; clinging to form is termed external. Below, it reveals their faults, analyzing them in three rounds: First, specifically in terms of initiating karma to reveal their faults: "Internally it can create karma; externally it can augment it." Craving bodily pleasures in the present and committing sinful karma is called creating karma. Clinging to external form-objects and causing sins to blaze is called augmenting. Second, generally with reference to the fruit of karma to reveal their faults: "Internally it can create karma; externally it creates the fruit of karma." Creating various karmic actions for the sake of seeking a future body is called creating karma; because of craving for form-objects, when receiving a body it moistens and produces subsequent retribution, which is called creating the fruit of karma. Because karma is created internally, "if internal craving is cut off, karma can be cut off." Because fruit is created externally, "if external craving is cut off, fruit can be cut off." Third, specifically with reference to the fruit of suffering to reveal their faults: "Internally it produces future suffering; externally it produces present suffering." Internally craving one's own body, one creates karma to pursue it, and therefore future suffering is produced; externally craving sexual desire, one pursues it and generates distress, and therefore present suffering is produced.