大般涅槃經義記 10.146

10.146

前明觀麁，下就久行明其觀細。「既觀麁已次觀細者」結前生後。下正辨之，於中初問、次辨、後結。辨中，初就未來之法觀細無常，後就現在。就未來中，「於內外色乃至微塵，在未來時已是無常」略以標舉，「何以」下釋。釋中，初以可破壞相顯細無常，後以十時前後變改顯細無常。現中有三：一觀人盛衰顯細無常、二觀四大及四威儀顯細無常、三觀內外各有二觸能為苦因顯細無常。於中，初觀內外各有二種苦因。「飢渴寒熱」出其因體，飢渴內因、寒熱外因。「復觀是」下，用前所觀顯法無常。下結可知。

The preceding section explained contemplating the coarse; the following explains contemplating the subtle with respect to long-term practitioners. "Having contemplated the coarse, next one contemplates the subtle" connects the preceding and introduces what follows. Below, it directly explains it, wherein first there is a question, next the explanation, and finally the conclusion. In the explanation, first he contemplates subtle impermanence with respect to future phenomena, and afterwards with respect to the present. Regarding the future, "Regarding internal and external form, down to subtle dust, when in the future, it is already impermanent" briefly presents the topic; from "Why?" downward is the explanation. In the explanation, first he reveals subtle impermanence through the characteristic of being destructible, and afterwards reveals subtle impermanence through changes and alterations across the ten periods before and after. In the present there are three: first, contemplating the flourishing and decline of persons reveals subtle impermanence; second, contemplating the four great elements and the four deportments reveals subtle impermanence; third, contemplating that internal and external each have two touches that can serve as causes of suffering reveals subtle impermanence. Therein, first he contemplates that internal and external each have two causes of suffering. "Hunger, thirst, cold, and heat" identifies the substance of their causes: hunger and thirst are internal causes, cold and heat are external causes. From "Again contemplating these" downward, he uses what was previously contemplated to reveal the impermanence of phenomena. The conclusion below can be understood.