大般涅槃經義記 2.142

2.142

明師能中，先舉三眾，次列三名：身雖不犯，與破戒者和雜一處，名「犯戒雜僧」；自身無犯，見己弟子有犯，教悔他犯捨置，名「愚癡僧」；自淨淨他，名「清淨僧」。次辯優劣：破戒雜僧為利同犯，故易可壞；淨僧不爾，故不可壞；癡僧未必為利同犯，又不能異，故癈不論。下廣辯釋，雖辯前二，意顯第三。明師德中，初明知律、後明善經。就知律中，先開五門、次釋、後結。前開門中，「善持律者」總以標舉，下列五名：「為欲調伏利眾生故」是第一門，所謂菩薩權化方便行非通道；「若輕」第二；「若重」第三；「非律不證」是其第四；「是律便證」是其第五。廣釋可知，結中「善解一字」義者，解一律字。「善持契經亦如是」者，亦同知律，且有五門：一知菩薩權行方便、第二知淺、第三知深、四是經應證、五非經不證。

In clarifying the master's capacity, it first presents the three assemblies and next lists the three designations: one whose body does not violate [precepts] but who is mixed together with precept-breakers is called a “precept-violating mixed Saṅgha”; one who personally commits no violation, but seeing his own disciples commit violations, teaches repentance yet abandons and neglects other violations, is called an “ignorant Saṅgha”; one who is pure oneself and purifies others is called a “pure Saṅgha”. Next, it distinguishes their superiority and inferiority: the precept-violating mixed Saṅgha shares violations for the sake of profit, and therefore is easily corrupted; the pure Saṅgha is not like this, and therefore cannot be corrupted; the ignorant Saṅgha does not necessarily share violations for the sake of profit, yet is incapable of acting otherwise, and therefore is set aside without discussion. Below, it distinguishes and explains at length; although distinguishing the first two, the intention is to reveal the third. In clarifying the master's virtue, it first clarifies knowing the Vinaya, and later clarifies being skilled in the sūtras. In knowing the Vinaya, it first opens five gates, next explains them, and finally concludes. In the preceding opening of the gates, “one who skillfully upholds the Vinaya” generally indicates and presents it, and below lists five designations: “for the purpose of subduing and benefiting sentient beings” is the first gate, referring to the bodhisattva's provisional transformative expedient means in practicing unconventional paths; “if minor” is the second; “if grave” is the third; “if not the Vinaya, he does not verify it” is the fourth; “if it is the Vinaya, he verifies it” is the fifth. The extensive explanation is easily known. In the conclusion, the meaning of “skillfully understanding a single word” refers to understanding the single word “Vinaya”. “Skillfully upholding the sūtras is also like this” means it likewise corresponds to knowing the Vinaya, and also has five gates: first, knowing the bodhisattva's provisional practices and expedient means; second, knowing the shallow; third, knowing the deep; fourth, if it is a sūtra, one should verify it; fifth, if it is not a sūtra, one does not verify it.