大般涅槃經義記 2.178

2.178

初中，「佛言提木叉」者，牒舉所問。「名為知足」，轉名顯示。「成就威儀，無所受畜」正辯其相，「亦名淨命」轉名顯示。解此義竟，前責即顯。若使木叉有如是義，何不先制，待諸比丘犯竟方制？就解墮中，先釋、後結。釋中三番，前二就其受報以解，後一就其造因以釋。就前二中，初一通對四趣以論，依如律中，唯第三篇名之為墮，此則不爾，犯五篇戒、墮四惡趣通名為墮；後一偏對地獄以釋，墮於地獄乃至阿鼻，論其遲速過於暴雨，正解墮義。八大獄中阿鼻最下，故曰乃至。生阿鼻者，其業必重，趣報無間，故過暴雨。「聞者」已下明說墮意，聞者持戒，不犯威儀，修離過行，不犯性罪，名「堅持戒」；遮過亦離，名「不犯威儀」；修習知足，不受不淨，修離著行。下就造因以釋墮義，由造因故長養地獄、畜生、餓鬼。「以是義」下總以結之。釋此墮竟，前責即顯。墮有是義，何不先說，待諸眾生犯竟方制？

In the first part, 'The Buddha said: [Prāti]mokṣa...' repeats the question asked. 'Is called contentment' displays it with a changed term. 'Accomplishing deportment, without receiving or accumulating anything' directly identifies its characteristics; 'It is also called pure livelihood' displays it with a changed term. Having explained this meaning, the previous reproof becomes manifest: If mokṣa has such a meaning, why not establish it beforehand, rather than waiting until all the bhikṣus have committed infractions before establishing it? In explaining 'falling', there is first an explanation and then a conclusion. Within the explanation there are three rounds: the first two explain it in terms of experiencing retribution, and the last explains it in terms of creating causes. Among the first two, the first discusses it broadly in relation to the four destinies: according to the Vinaya, only the third category is called 'falling', but here it is not so—violating the five categories of precepts and falling into the four evil destinies are broadly called 'falling'; the latter explains it specifically in relation to hell, falling into the hells down to Avīci, where its speed surpasses a torrential downpour, directly explaining the meaning of 'falling'. Among the eight great hells, Avīci is the lowest, hence it says 'down to'. For those born in Avīci, their karma is necessarily heavy, and they proceed to retribution without intermission, and so it surpasses a torrential downpour. From 'Those who hear...' downward explains the intention in speaking of falling: those who hear uphold the precepts, do not violate deportment, cultivate the practice of leaving faults, and do not violate intrinsic offences—this is called 'firmly upholding the precepts'; also departing from secondary transgressions is called 'not violating deportment'; cultivating contentment, not receiving unclean things, is cultivating the practice of leaving attachment. Below, it explains the meaning of falling in terms of creating causes: because of creating causes, one fosters the hells, animals, and hungry ghosts. From 'Because of this meaning' downward concludes it in summary. Having explained this 'falling', the previous reproof becomes manifest: Since falling has such a meaning, why not speak of it beforehand, rather than waiting until all sentient beings have committed infractions before establishing it?