大般涅槃經義記 4.287

4.287

第三偈中，文殊先問。「文殊復說」經家敘列。下顯問辭，辭中有四：一舉佛昔偈。此偈本為世王說之，阿闍世王為調婆達，教令殺父，還來責佛「云何如來聽其出家，使其教我為此惡事」。佛時偈答，「於他語言隨順不逆」教用佛語如法悔除，「亦不觀他作以不作」遮抑世王責佛之言，不須觀佛作與不作，「但自觀身善、不善行」；二「如是說」下總非佛語；三「於他語」下隨別以徵，先徵如來，初之半偈於他不逆，「唯願正說」請令正解，「何以故」下彰昔不正，言何以故徵前起後，「世尊常」下顯不正相，佛毀外道，自嘆弟子云何得名於他不逆。「聲聞向正」嘆小乘人，「若護戒」等嘆大乘人，「如來何故於九部」下徵後一偈，於彼小乘九部經中見有毀他，即便呵嘖「云何說言亦不觀他作與不作」；四「如是偈」下總以結請。

In the third verse, Mañjuśrī asks first. "Mañjuśrī spoke again" is the sūtra compiler's narrative presentation. Below, the words of the question are shown, which contain four parts: first, adducing the Buddha's past verse. This verse was originally spoken for King Ajātaśatru. King Ajātaśatru, because Devadatta instructed him to kill his father, came back to reproach the Buddha: "Why did the Tathāgata permit him to go forth from the household life, causing him to teach me to commit this evil deed?" The Buddha then answered in verse: "Comply with others' words without opposing them" taught him to use the Buddha's words to repent and eliminate it in accordance with the Dharma; "nor observe what others have done or not done" stopped King Ajātaśatru's words reproaching the Buddha, meaning he need not observe what the Buddha has done or not done; "merely observe for oneself one's own bodily good and unwholesome actions." Second, from "speaking thus" onward, generally negating the Buddha's words. Third, from "regarding others' words" onward, challenging in detail according to the parts: first challenging the Tathāgata regarding the first half-verse about not opposing others; "we only pray that you explain correctly" requests him to explain properly; from "why is this" onward, revealing the past [teaching] as not correct—the phrase "why is this?" interrogates the preceding and introduces what follows; from "the World-Honoured One constantly" onward, revealing the mark of incorrectness: the Buddha denounced non-Buddhists and praised his own disciples, so how can this be called not opposing others? "The śrāvakas head toward what is correct" praises people of the Hīnayāna; "if one guards the precepts" and so forth praises people of the Mahāyāna; from "why does the Tathāgata in the nine divisions" onward, he challenges the latter verse: seeing someone disparage others in the ninefold scriptures of the Hīnayāna, he immediately scolds them, "why do you say 'nor observe what others have done or not done'?" Fourth, from "verses such as this" onward, generally concluding with a request.