大般涅槃經義記 5.53

5.53

第七段中，分苦為八，先舉、後列。報起名生，生時有苦，故名「生苦」；衰變名老，老時有苦，故曰「老苦」；違損名病，病時有苦，名曰「病苦」；陰壞稱死，死時有若，名為「死苦」。又復生等體性是苦，故名生苦，乃至死苦。所好分張名愛別離，因離致惱名「愛別苦」；所惡強集名怨憎會，因會生惱名「怨憎會苦」；所悕不稱名求不得，因求致惱名「求不得苦」；五陰熾盛名「五盛陰苦」。又苦陰中盛前七苦名五盛陰苦，正則應名五陰盛苦。道中偏說果德為道，前第五中偏說其因，此偏說果，言之隱顯，道理齊等。

In the seventh section, suffering is divided into eight, first raised and then listed. The arising of retribution is called birth; since there is suffering at the time of birth, it is called the "suffering of birth." Decline and alteration is called aging; since there is suffering at the time of aging, it is called the "suffering of aging." Harm and deterioration is called illness; since there is suffering at the time of illness, it is called the "suffering of illness." The destruction of the aggregates is called death; since there is suffering at the time of death, it is called the "suffering of death." Furthermore, birth and so forth are suffering by nature, hence they are called the suffering of birth down to the suffering of death. The separation from what one loves is called separation from the beloved; affliction caused by separation is called the "suffering of separation from the beloved." The forced gathering of what one dislikes is called association with the hated; affliction produced by association is called the "suffering of association with the hated." What is desired not being fulfilled is called not getting what one seeks; affliction caused by seeking is called the "suffering of not getting what one seeks." The blazing flourishing of the five aggregates is called the "suffering of the five flourishing aggregates." Furthermore, the flourishing of the previous seven sufferings within the aggregate of suffering is called the suffering of the five flourishing aggregates; strictly speaking, it should be named the suffering of the flourishing of the five aggregates. In the path, the virtues of the fruition are specifically spoken of as the path; in the fifth section above, the causes were specifically spoken of, whereas here the fruition is specifically spoken of: whether the words are hidden or revealed, the principle is equal.