大般涅槃經義記 6.143

6.143

次明歡喜，於中有三：第一正明持戒歡喜，初法、次喻、後合可知。第二反舉破戒不善對以顯前，亦先法說、次喻、後合。三「如牧牛」下雙就二人明憂明喜。初先立喻，「譬如二女」喻持犯人，「牛」喻如來，從佛受法名牧牛女。「一持酪瓶、一持漿瓶」喻彼二人所受戒法，瓶喻自身，酪之與漿正喻戒法。破戒之人於所受中未有出生，如彼酪中未有出生，故說為酪；持戒之人於所受中已多出生，故說如漿。「俱共至城」齊心趣果，「而欲賣」者行因貿果。「於路脚跌，二瓶破」者，喻彼二人身壞命終，因盡脚跌，果喪瓶破。「一喜一愁」喻彼二人欣慼不同，持戒之人於所受戒已多出生，所失微少，所以歡喜；破戒之人於所受戒未有出生，所失利大，所以愁惱。下合顯法，「持戒、破戒亦復如是」合前二女，「持戒心喜」合持漿女瓶破歡喜，「破戒不喜」略不舉合。

Next, it clarifies joy, within which there are three parts: First, directly clarifying joy in upholding precepts; the initial doctrine, subsequent simile, and concluding application can be understood. Second, inversely citing the non-goodness of violating precepts to contrast with and reveal the preceding; this also first gives the doctrinal explanation, next the simile, and afterwards the application. Third, from "Like herding cattle" downward, it clarifies sorrow and joy with respect to both persons together. First, it establishes the simile: "For example, two women" illustrates the upholder and the violator; "cattle" illustrates the Tathāgata; receiving the Dharma from the Buddha is termed the cow-herding women. "One carrying a jar of curd, one carrying a jar of whey" illustrates the precept-dharmas undertaken by those two persons; the jar illustrates their own bodies, while the curd and the whey directly illustrate the precept-dharmas. The person who violates precepts has nothing produced from what they undertook, just as nothing has been produced from that curd, hence it is spoken of as curd; the person who upholds precepts has already produced much from what they undertook, hence it is spoken of as whey. "Both together went to the city" means with unified mind proceeding toward the fruit; "and wishing to sell" means practicing causes to trade for the fruit. "On the road their feet slipped, and the two jars broke" illustrates the destruction of their bodies and end of their lives; when causes are exhausted, their feet slip, and when the fruit is lost, the jars break. "One rejoiced and one grieved" illustrates that their joy and sorrow are not the same; the person who upholds precepts has already produced much from the precepts they undertook, so what is lost is very slight, hence they are joyful; the person who violates precepts has produced nothing from the precepts they undertook, so the benefit lost is great, hence they are sorrowful. Below is the application that reveals the doctrine: "Upholding precepts and violating precepts are also like this" corresponds to the two preceding women; "the mind of the one who upholds precepts is joyful" corresponds to the woman carrying whey being joyful when the jar broke; "the one who violates precepts is not joyful" is omitted and not applied.