大般涅槃經義記 7.245

7.245

三「譬如」下顯向後句，先喻後合。喻中，初言「譬如世間從因生法」舉其喻事，「有因有果、無因無果、因無常故果亦無常」顯其喻相。「所以」下釋，先問後解。因果相作，故是無常。「因亦作果」明因無常，如三月穀，望後名因、望前名果，以是果故，因非定因，所以無常。「果亦作因」明果無常，如八月穀，望前名果、望後是因，以是因故，果非定果，所以無常。「以是」下結，以是因果迭相作故諸法不定，法不定故一切無常。「若使涅槃從因生」下合之顯法。此第三竟。

Third, the passage from "For example" onward reveals the subsequent clause; first there is an analogy and then the application. Within the analogy, it first says, "For example, in the world dharmas arise from causes," which brings up the subject of the analogy; and "there being a cause there is an effect, without a cause there is no effect; because the cause is impermanent, the effect is also impermanent," which reveals the characteristics of the analogy. The passage from "Why is this?" onward explains it, first asking and then explaining: causes and effects produce one another, and are therefore impermanent. "The cause also becomes an effect" explains that causes are impermanent, just like grain in the third month: viewed in relation to what comes after it is called a cause, but viewed in relation to what comes before it is called an effect; because it is an effect, a cause is not a fixed cause, and is therefore impermanent. "The effect also becomes a cause" explains that effects are impermanent, just like grain in the eighth month: viewed in relation to what comes before it is an effect, but viewed in relation to what comes after it is a cause; because it is a cause, an effect is not a fixed effect, and is therefore impermanent. The passage from "For this reason" onward concludes: because causes and effects alternately produce one another, dharmas are indeterminate; because dharmas are indeterminate, all are impermanent. The passage from "If nirvāṇa arose from causes" onward applies it to reveal the Dharma. This concludes the third [clause].