大般涅槃經義記 9.56

9.56

次教修十。於中還初明涅槃果、後教修人，與前相似。果中，師子初先領前，問後起發。「無十相故名大涅槃」是領前也。「以何緣故名無生」等，是問後也。問有十一，下佛為釋。「諸結火滅名滅度」者，滅煩惱障。言「離覺觀名涅槃」者，滅除智障。除捨妄智名離覺觀，由離覺觀得為涅槃寂靜之義，故名涅槃。與下文中「斷除三十七品所行名為涅槃」其義相似。問曰：涅槃此翻名滅，蓋乃胡漢相翻而已。今云何言諸結火滅名為滅度，離覺觀故曰涅槃？釋言：外國名字眾多，故於滅中隨義不同立種種名，或名涅槃、或彌留陀、或曰毘尼，如是非一。故彼外國諸結火滅名彌留陀，離覺觀者說為涅槃。此方名少，同翻為滅，其猶外國菩提、末伽此同名道。但今文中為別兩義，彌留陀滅翻為漢言名為滅度，涅槃之滅仍存胡本說為涅槃。經中此例亦應不少。

Next, it teaches cultivating the ten. Herein, it also first explains the fruit of nirvāṇa and afterward teaches the persons cultivating, similar to the above. Regarding the fruit, Siṃha first grasps what came before and asks to initiate what follows. "Because of having no ten marks, it is called Great Nirvāṇa" grasps what came before. "For what reason is it called unarisen..." and so forth asks what follows. There are eleven questions, which the Buddha below explains for him. "The extinction of the fire of all fetters is called extinction-deliverance" refers to extinguishing the affliction obstacle. Saying "freedom from vitarka and vicāra is called nirvāṇa" refers to eradicating the knowledge obstacle. Removing and relinquishing erroneous knowledge is called freedom from vitarka and vicāra; due to freedom from vitarka and vicāra, it attains the meaning of nirvāṇa's tranquility, and hence is called nirvāṇa. This is similar in meaning to the statement below: "severing and eliminating the practice of the thirty-seven factors is called nirvāṇa." Question: nirvāṇa translated here means "extinction" (mie), which is merely a translation between foreign and Chinese [languages]. Why does it now say that the extinction of the fire of all fetters is called "extinction-deliverance," while freedom from vitarka and vicāra is called "nirvāṇa"? Answer: Foreign names are numerous, so with respect to extinction, diverse names are established according to different meanings: sometimes called nirvāṇa, sometimes *nirvṛti* (miliutuo), sometimes vinaya—such names are not just one. Therefore, in that foreign land, the extinction of the fire of all fetters is called *nirvṛti*, while freedom from vitarka and vicāra is spoken of as nirvāṇa. In this land names are few, and all are translated alike as "extinction," just as foreign *bodhi* and *mārga* are both called "path" (dao) here. However, in the present text, in order to distinguish the two meanings, the extinction of *nirvṛti* is translated into Chinese as "extinction-deliverance," while the extinction of nirvāṇa retains the foreign original and is spoken of as nirvāṇa. Such cases in the sūtras should also be not few.