大般涅槃經義記 7.38

7.38

Second is discerning the meaning of the four marks in terms of the aforementioned dharmas. There are two kinds of four marks: First, the four marks inherent to the substance of the dharma: in dharmas such as matter and mind, in each moment each has four marks—initial arising, subsequent abiding, ultimate difference, and final cessation. Second, the four marks apart from the dharma: alongside dharmas such as matter, there are separately and simultaneously the four marks of arising and so forth. Broadly speaking, there are four marks; divided finely, there are eight, namely the four great marks and the four secondary marks, also called minor marks: alongside that great arising there is a minor arising, up to alongside cessation there is a minor cessation. Because the former four kinds mark broad and numerous dharmas, they are called "great"; because the functioning of the latter four marks is narrow and few, they are called "minor." These eight marks are described collectively as four; these four marks are named according to their functions. That which is called "arising": because it can produce another, it is called "arising," not being the arising that first begins before abiding; up to the mark of cessation: because it can extinguish another, it is called "cessation," not being the cessation that completely destroys after difference. Strictly speaking in terms of substance, all eight exist. Initial arising, subsequent abiding, ultimate difference, and final cessation—the four marks are like this. Now, this specifically discusses the meaning of arising in terms of the four marks apart from the dharma.