大般涅槃經疏 10.14

10.14

「迦葉白佛」去，第二明依利益。外遣魔邪、內淨結業，至功妙用利益世間。就文為二：初教聲聞降、二不教菩薩降。初番有問答。問為三：初唱不依、二釋不依、三結。唱不依，如文。釋中瞿師羅，翻為美音。佛答為兩：一然問觀察、二正降魔。佛是外緣，內須信智。智照邪非信受正法，於佛尚須信智，況復餘耶。正降魔，為二：初譬、次合。譬為三：初譬魔來、次譬魔降、三譬魔退。偷狗譬魔，舍譬佛法。夜入譬正法衰羸，弟子起無明為夜，六卷云賊狗。次「其家婢使」下，正譬降魔。三乘之中聲聞最劣，譬之婢使。斷命者，五繫繫之，魔偽不行，義如斷命。三「偷狗聞」下，魔退。「汝等」下，合譬。合上三譬，可尋。五繫，二釋：一五尸繫、二繫五處。五尸表五種不淨觀，伏愛魔。五繫表五門觀，伏見魔。見魔是偷，愛魔是狗。

From "Kāśyapa addressed the Buddha" onward, the second part clarifies the benefits of taking refuge: dispelling demonic heterodoxies externally and purifying fetters and karmas internally, their ultimate efficacy and wondrous function benefit the world. In the text there are two parts: first, teaching the śrāvakas to subdue [the demons]; second, not teaching the bodhisattvas to subdue [the demons]. In the first round there are questions and answers. The question comprises three: first, proclaiming non-reliance; second, explaining non-reliance; third, concluding. Proclaiming non-reliance is as in the text. In the explanation, "Ghoṣila" translates as "sweet sound." The Buddha's reply comprises two: first, approving the question and bidding him examine; second, directly subduing the demons. The Buddha is an external condition; internally there must be faith and wisdom. Wisdom illuminates the heterodox and erroneous, while faith accepts the true Dharma. Toward the Buddha one still needs faith and wisdom, how much more so toward the rest! Directly subduing the demons comprises two: first, the metaphor; next, the application. The metaphor comprises three: first, the metaphor of the demons coming; next, the metaphor of the demons being subdued; third, the metaphor of the demons retreating. The thieving dog is a metaphor for the demons; the house is a metaphor for the Buddhadharma. Entering at night is a metaphor for the decline of the true Dharma, with the disciples giving rise to ignorance constituting the night; fascicle six calls it the "thieving dog." Next, from "the maidservants of that house" downward directly metaphors subduing the demons. Among the three vehicles, the śrāvakas are the most inferior, hence metaphorized as maidservants. Depriving them of life means binding them with the five bonds so that demonic falsities cannot operate, which is like depriving them of life. Third, from "the thieving dog hearing" downward is the retreat of the demons. From "You all..." downward is the application of the metaphor. Applying the three metaphors above can be examined. The five bonds has two explanations: first, binding with five corpses; second, binding in five places. The five corpses represent the five kinds of impure visualizations, suppressing the demon of attachment. The five bonds represent the five-gate visualizations, suppressing the demon of views. The demon of views is the thief; the demon of attachment is the dog.