大般涅槃經疏 13.22

13.22

From 'At that time, all the devas, nāgas' downward is the third [major section], the great assembly's offerings and exhortative requests. The intention behind their exhortative requests is that previously, seeing him lying ill, they feared he would immediately enter nirvāṇa; now seeing the marks of light, they know he has not yet entered extinction, and therefore they request the Dharma. First offerings, then requests. In the first text, as for 'Gandha', Héxī says: a one-shouldered ghost that causes shoulder pain in humans. Umāda is a ghost capable of making people intoxicated. Apasmāra is a ghost that makes people mad. Second, from 'spoke a verse' downward is the exhortative request, consisting of fifteen stanzas together with a short prose section, divided into two: first, fourteen stanzas of the primary request; next, one stanza along with the prose, where the compiler of the sūtra narrates the event. The first text has three parts: the first two stanzas state the request; the next ten stanzas explain the request; the final two stanzas conclude the request. The first is as in the text. The next ten stanzas constitute five: first, requesting on account of original vows; second, requesting because [beings] fall into evil; third, requesting because base and foolish beings do not know; fourth, requesting the bestowal of the nectar Dharma; fifth, requesting the curing of illness. The next concluding request is as in the text. Second, from 'All these assemblies' downward is the compiler's narration, in two [parts]: first, remaining silent after requesting; next, the reach of the sound of the request. Reaching the Śuddhāvāsa is because the summit of the form realm has physical form and possesses auditory consciousness; the formless realm is not so, hence it does not reach there. In the 'Introductory Chapter' it mentions the Bhavāgra (etc.). By analogy with worldly heavens, born heavens, and pure heavens, one should speak of born Śuddhāvāsa, immaculate Śuddhāvāsa, and paramārtha Śuddhāvāsa (etc.).