大般涅槃經疏 20.7

20.7

Next, from "that is to say, extremely profound" downwards is the explanation. It explains this perfect hearing: hearing one is hearing all. It cannot be fully expressed, but three kinds are briefly raised: first, hearing the paramārthasatya that was not heard; second, hearing the conventional truth that was not heard; third, hearing the ultimate truth that was not heard. These three truths are three dharmas in one mind, neither before nor after, neither shallow nor deep; therefore it says, "not shared with śrāvakas and pratyekabuddhas." Persons of the two vehicles never realize the middle, so it is not shared with them; nor do they realize the conventional, so again it is not shared with them. Although they realize the ultimate, they do not know the secret of the ultimate, so again it is not shared with them. Being unshared in this way, it causes astonishment and wonder. Up to "it is not a worldly dharma"—what was praised above precisely extolled this. Now, the initial section on hearing the paramārthasatya that was not heard has two parts: first, a general enumeration; next, a general explanation. In the initial enumeration: first, the buddhadhātu; second, the Three Jewels as one single body; third, the four virtues; fourth, the eternal abiding of nirvāṇa; fifth, the nirvāṇa of the Tathāgata. Next, the general explanation shows that in every single matter there is nothing that is not the profound middle way. There are twenty lines in all, and the rest are also like this. Next, from "further, hearing all the external scriptures and books that were not heard" downwards is the second: hearing the conventional truth that was not heard. It also has two parts: first, enumerating the dharmas of the conventional truth; second, clarifying the secret. Regarding the initial conventional dharmas: fundamentally there are three non-Buddhist schools, each having scriptures and books; here it only lists Kapila and Ulūka, omitting Ṛṣabha for the sake of brevity. Furthermore, Kapila posits oneness, that the aggregates themselves are the self. Ulūka posits duality, that the self is different from the aggregates. Ṛṣabha posits both oneness and duality, that it is both identical with and different from the aggregates. Being broadly similar to the two, he is not mentioned. From "further, there are the twelve divisions of scriptures" onward is the third: hearing the dharma of the ultimate truth that was not heard. This also has two parts: first, hearing the dharma of the ultimate truth; second, hearing the secret. Both state that because of this sūtra one comes to hear them, which is precisely the meaning of perfect realization. In the Vaipulya, clarifying that the Three Jewels are one single body, the buddhadhātu, eternal abiding, and nirvāṇa are absent in the Hinayana, and for that reason they are excluded. Third, the conclusion is as in the text.