注維摩詰經 8.190

8.190

什曰：馬有五種，第一見鞭影即時調伏、第二得鞭乃伏、第三以利錐刺皮乃伏、第四穿肌乃伏、第五徹骨乃伏。眾生利鈍亦有五品，第一但見他無常其心便悟；第二見知識無常其心乃悟；第三見兄弟親戚無常其心乃悟；第四見父母無常其心乃悟；第五自身無常、極受苦惱，復加以苦言，然後乃悟也。

[Kumāra]jīva says: There are five kinds of horses. The first is subdued the moment it sees the shadow of the whip. The second is subdued only when struck by the whip. The third is subdued only when an awl pierces its skin. The fourth is subdued only when it penetrates the flesh. The fifth is subdued only when it penetrates to the bone. Sentient beings' sharp and dull faculties likewise have five grades: the first awakens in mind merely upon seeing others' impermanence; the second awakens in mind only upon seeing an acquaintance's impermanence; the third awakens in mind only upon seeing the impermanence of brothers and relatives; the fourth awakens in mind only upon seeing parents' impermanence; the fifth awakens only when experiencing extreme suffering from one's own impermanence, compounded by harsh words.