注維摩詰經 4.256

4.256

[Kumāra]jīva says: Seeing him practice giving, instead of rejoicing in it he criticized it. Giving has three kinds: first, material giving; second, mental giving; third, Dharma giving. Giving material goods to others is giving; with a mind of loving-kindness and an equanimous mind giving joy to others is mental giving; expounding the Dharma to benefit others is called Dharma giving. Also, all the wholesomeness practiced by bodhisattvas is meant to benefit sentient beings. Benefiting sentient beings has two kinds: first, immediate benefit; second, serving as the cause for benefit; both of these are called Dharma giving. Now wishing to cause Śrībhadra to practice Dharma giving and mental giving, he dismissed his material giving. [Seng]zhao says: Physical form must have obstructions; material goods must be exhaustible. Therefore, gathering people by physical form cannot assemble them universally, and providing for people with material goods cannot supply them comprehensively. Moreover, since giving is neither universal nor does wealth benefit the spirit, it is not as good as gathering the sentient beings of the ten directions while having them remain in their own lands, cherishing the giving of Dharma within one's breast so that its bestowal is nowhere non-universal. When gathering by this, no gathering is unequal; when giving by this, the giving leaves no person behind. Why set aside distant regions to assemble nearby guests, and abandon benefit to the mind solely to enrich the body? [Dao]sheng says: Wealth is a finite thing; when giving issues from this, by its very nature it cannot be universal and equal.