注維摩詰經 7.98

7.98

[Kumāra]jīva says: Because it exhausts the source of wisdom, it is called 'crossing over' (pāramitā). In the Sanskrit phonetics there is the meaning of 'mother', so it is taken as mother. It is also said: although the perfection of wisdom takes luminous illumination as its essence, in accomplishing and delivering the myriad practices its efficacy does not match that of upāya, so it is taken as mother. As for upright upāya being father, in the Sanskrit phonetics there is the meaning of 'father'. There are two kinds of upāya: first, deeply understanding emptiness without seizing upon marks to realize liberation; second, because the principle of the true mark is profound and none can believe and receive it, one must rely on upāya to entice and guide all sentient beings so that they gradually awaken. Because the meaning of upāya is profound and its function weighty, it is the father. [Seng]zhao says: Wisdom is internal illumination; upāya is external application. From them the myriad practices arise, and from them all buddhas emerge. Therefore the bodhisattva takes wisdom as mother and upāya as father. [Dao]sheng says: Upāya takes external aid as its function, accomplishing the bodhisattva Path; this is the meaning of father.