維摩義記 1.38

1.38

自下第二歎其化能。初先別歎，「常禮法海」總以結敬。前中，初先歎其化始；「以斯妙法濟群生」下歎其化終。又復前歎小乘法化，後則歎其大乘法化。復就前中，初先別歎；「三寶於」下總以結之。別中明佛寶現世。「始在佛樹力降魔」者，成佛方便。佛依樹成，所依之樹或名佛樹、或稱道樹、或復稱之為菩提樹。樹下成佛名為佛樹，樹下得道說為道樹，樹下證得菩提之果名菩提樹。將成託此，故云始在。魔於爾時恐佛道成，而來惱亂，菩薩即入勝意慈定神力伏魔，名力降魔。又以慈力令魔摧伏，名力降魔。「得甘露滅覺道成」者，正明成佛。得甘露滅，明證滅諦。世間甘露能除燋渴，滅諦涅槃能除渴愛，是故約喻名甘露滅。隨化現證，故名為得。言覺道成，明得道諦。覺者是佛，道是菩提，剋就云成。前得此成，言左右耳。

From here on, the second [section] praises his capacity to transform [beings]. First it separately praises; "constantly worshipping the ocean of Dharma" concludes with reverence overall. Within the former, it first praises the beginning of his transforming [beings]; from "ferrying across the multitude of beings with this subtle Dharma" downward, it praises the completion of his transforming [beings]. Furthermore, the former praises his transformation through the Hīnayāna Dharma, and the latter praises his transformation through the Mahāyāna Dharma. Again within the former, it first praises separately; from "The Three Jewels in..." downward, it concludes overall. In the separate [praise], it clarifies the Buddha-Jewel appearing in the world. "First at the Buddha-tree, by his power he subdued Māra" is the expedient means of attaining buddhahood. The Buddha attained [awakening] relying on a tree; the tree he relied upon is variously called the Buddha-tree, the tree of the Way, or the Bodhi-tree. Attaining buddhahood beneath the tree, it is called the Buddha-tree; attaining the Way beneath the tree, it is called the tree of the Way; realizing the fruit of bodhi beneath the tree, it is called the Bodhi-tree. About to attain it, he resorted to this; hence it says "first at." At that time, fearing that the Buddha's Way would be accomplished, Māra came to disturb and agitate; the Bodhisattva immediately entered the concentration of supreme benevolence and by his supernatural power subdued Māra, which is called "by his power he subdued Māra." Moreover, causing Māra to be crushed and subdued through the power of loving-kindness is called "by his power he subdued Māra." "Attaining the extinction of amṛta, the Way of awakening was accomplished" directly clarifies his attaining buddhahood. "Attaining the extinction of amṛta" clarifies his realizing the truth of cessation. Worldly amṛta can eliminate parching thirst; the truth of cessation, nirvāṇa, can eliminate craving and thirst; therefore, by analogy it is called "the extinction of amṛta." Appearing to realize it in accordance with his transformation [of beings], it is therefore called "attained." Saying "the Way of awakening was accomplished" clarifies attaining the truth of the path. "Awakening" is the Buddha; the "Way" is bodhi; definitively attained, it is said to be "accomplished." "Attaining" earlier and "accomplished" here are simply complementary expressions.