維摩義記 1.43

1.43

Below, the Saṅgha Jewel is explained. "Gods and humans attaining the path are the proof of this": this reveals the Dharma in terms of persons. The six destinies all benefit, but when it comes to attaining sagehood, gods and humans are the foremost, so they are singled out. Following the teaching and awakening to sagehood is called "attaining the path". That this verifies that the Buddha's preaching is not in vain is what is meant by "are the proof of this". Moreover, their verifying that what the Tathāgata preached is pure is also called "proof". The above has singled them out individually. "The Three Jewels thereby appeared in the world": concluding them collectively. Above, the beginning of transformation was clarified; below, the end of transformation is clarified. Furthermore, previously the transformation by the Hīnayāna Dharma was clarified, and below, the Mahāyāna. Within this, there are three lines: the first two teach people to enable them to attain nirvāṇa, and the latter one transforms people to enable them to transcend birth and death. In the first two lines, "With this wondrous Dharma saving the multitude of beings": teaching people by using the Dharma, which means using this wondrous Dharma of the Mahāyāna to deliver the multitude of beings. "Once received, never falling back, constantly quiescent": clarifying that receiving it brings benefit. Once taking it into the mind is called "once received". When path practice is firm and steadfast, it is termed "never falling back". Eternally realizing nirvāṇa is called "constantly quiescent". "The great king of physicians who delivers from old age, sickness, and death": praising the Buddha for transforming people to transcend birth and death. Teaching them to sever the causal condition of origination so that they do not receive future suffering is therefore called "delivering from old age, sickness, and death". He also teaches deliverance from birth, but it is not mentioned due to the constraints of the verse. Because the sufferings of old age, sickness, and death are excessively gross and heavy, they are singled out for this reason. The Buddha is able to teach people to eliminate these afflictions and harms, so he is named the great king of physicians. The above has offered praise individually. "One should pay homage to the ocean of Dharma, whose virtue is boundless": concluding with respect collectively. The Buddha is endowed with many dharmas, so he is named an ocean of Dharma. His virtues of transformation are vast and numerous, so they are called boundless virtues.