維摩義記 3.30

3.30

From here on is the third [section]: because Mahākāśyapa laments his own severance, Vimalakīrti identifies the persons of the inconceivable [liberation]. Within this, first Kāśyapa laments, and from "Vimalakīrti" below he identifies the persons of the inconceivable [liberation]. Why did Kāśyapa lament? Because having previously heard the inconceivable virtues explained and knowing he had no share in them, he lamented. The intent of his lament is to make people weary of the lesser and seek the greater. The text has three parts: 1. Mahākāśyapa, hearing what was previously spoken, praises it as unprecedented. 2. From "addressing Śāriputra" below, he laments his own severance of any share. 3. Due to the previous two, the devas generate the mind [for awakening]. The first section is clear. In the second section there are four distinct statements: 1. It explains that the śrāvakas hear the Mahāyāna without understanding; first by analogy, then by application. 2. From "The wise..." below, it explains that when the bodhisattvas hear the virtues of inconceivable liberation explained, none fail to comprehend and generate the wish to seek it. 3. From "Why have we forever severed the roots..." below, relying on the first point above, it clarifies the lesser's severance of any share and demonstrates that all śrāvakas should weep. "Why have we forever severed our roots and become like rotten seeds regarding this Mahāyāna?" clarifies the lesser's severance of any share. Kāśyapa shows that he and the other śrāvakas, having realized the lesser, abandoned the greater and have no mind to aspire toward it; hence he says, "Why have we forever severed our roots and become like rotten seeds regarding this Mahāyāna?" using analogy to reveal it. "When all the śrāvakas hear this gate of inconceivable liberation..." and so forth explains that the lesser should weep. Because what is lost is so grave, they "should wail and weep, their voices shaking the trichiliocosm." 4. From "All bodhisattvas should greatly rejoice..." below, relying on the second point above, it clarifies that the bodhisattvas, upon hearing the Mahāyāna, ought to awaken, and it speaks of the benefit of faith. Those with the great aspiration will ultimately attain this realization individually; thus they should rejoice and receive this Dharma upon their heads. Those who have faithful understanding accept its flavor and find it hard to abandon, so that no heterodoxies can shake them; therefore "no māra can do anything to them." Among these four statements, the first and third cause people to weary of the lesser, and the second and fourth cause people to rejoice in the greater. The second is finished. From here on the third part explains that because of the previous explanation, thirty-two thousand devaputras generated the bodhicitta.