維摩義記 4.3

4.3

In the seventeenth [section], first, "Xijian (Priradarśana) said" indicates the person to set up the individual statement. Below, what was said is clarified; first it explains, and then concludes. In the explanation, it first discusses it with respect to the form skandha, and afterwards with respect to the remaining skandhas. In the previous [discussion of] the form skandha, "Form and emptiness are two" contrarily brings up two characteristics. Next, there are three explanations: First, form is not "mine" and is called empty, as the Abhidharma explains. Second, within provisionally named form there is no determinate nature, which is called empty, as the *Tattvasiddhi* explains. Third, the characteristics of provisionally named form are also non-existent, which is called empty; this is found only in the Great [Vehicle]. What is discussed here corresponds in meaning to the third. Below, these two are reversed to clarify non-duality. In this approach, the two truths sharing the same essence is called non-duality, not a complete refutation and elimination. "Form is itself emptiness" clarifies that existence is itself non-existence. When form is said to be form, form is immediately devoid of form; therefore form is itself emptiness. "It is not that the destruction of form is emptiness" distinguishes this from the emptiness of phenomenal cessation through antidotes. "The nature of form is inherently empty" distinguishes this from the emptiness of dividing the effect from the cause, just as the water of a mirage is by its own nature not water, without waiting for particles and elements to be divided to become non-water. Form is also like this: its own nature is empty and non-existent, without waiting for particles and elements to be divided for it to be empty; this is called inherently empty. In the remaining skandhas below, it also first brings up two and afterwards clarifies non-duality, the text being identical to the preceding. This explains non-duality. The statement "Penetrating thoroughly within them" explains the meaning of entry. "This is..." below concludes.