維摩義記 4.30

4.30

How does he manifest it? There are two distinctions: First, to make manifest that what is fetched is real and not illusory, using the real to reveal his inconceivable power. Second, to make manifest that what is fetched is distant and not near, using the distant to reveal his inconceivable power. In the text, it first says "He immediately entered samādhi": the basis on which the manifestation of emanation depends is never absent; he manifests entry in accordance with the emanation, using supernatural power to make manifest what he employs—this inconceivable supernatural power of accomplishing wishes. "And showed it to the great assembly" is what the manifestation of emanation was for. Below clarifies what was manifested, in which there are five parts: 1. showing the region's direction and boundary; 2. showing distance and proximity: "surpassing forty-two Ganges sands of buddha lands"; 3. the land manifested: "the country is named Sarvagandha"; 4. the buddha manifested: "the buddha is named Gandharādharṣa, presently existing"; 5. extensively distinguishing its characteristics based on what was manifested. In distinguishing the characteristics there are four: first the land, second the people, third the land, and fourth the people. "That country's fragrance is foremost compared to the ten directions" is the first passage clarifying the excellence of the land. Generally speaking, a pure land has three adornments, as already distinguished above: 1. phenomenal adornment, with five desires exquisite and supreme; 2. dharma adornment, purely teaching the Mahāyāna; 3. personal adornment, consisting purely of bodhisattvas. These three adornments are all possessed by Sarvagandha; this is the fragrance adornment within the first, phenomenal adornment. "In that land there are no śrāvakas or pratyekabuddhas; there is only a pure assembly of great bodhisattvas, to whom the buddha preaches the Dharma" is the second passage clarifying the excellence of the persons. This is also personal and dharma adornment. "That realm is entirely made of fragrance towers" is the third passage clarifying again the great excellence [of the land]. From "That buddha and..." downward is the fourth passage clarifying again the excellence of the persons. "The buddha and the bodhisattvas were just sitting together to eat": those receiving the offering are excellent persons. "There were devaputras all named Fragrance..." and so forth: those capable of making offerings are excellent persons. The preceding shows the manifestation of the land, which the assembly's seeing makes known.