維摩經玄疏 3.71

3.71

一、明三諦所詮理者，三諦名義，具出《瓔珞》、《仁王》兩經，經云「一，有諦；二，無諦；三，中道第一義諦。」有諦者，如世人心所見理，名為有諦，亦名俗諦。無諦者，出世人心所見理，名為無諦，亦名真諦。中道第一義諦者，諸佛菩薩之所見理，名中道第一義諦，亦名一實諦。故《大涅槃經》云：「凡夫者有，二乘者無，諸佛菩薩不有不無。」三諦義，至釋〈入不二法門品〉當略明也。

1. Clarifying the principle of the three truths that is expressed: the names and meanings of the three truths appear fully in the two sūtras *Yingluo* and *Renwang*. The sūtras say: "First, the truth of existence; second, the truth of non-existence; third, the ultimate truth of the Middle Way." The truth of existence is the principle seen by worldly minds, called the truth of existence, and also called conventional truth. The truth of non-existence is the principle seen by world-transcending minds, called the truth of non-existence, and also called true truth. The ultimate truth of the Middle Way is the principle seen by the Buddhas and bodhisattvas, called the ultimate truth of the Middle Way, and also called the one real truth. Therefore the *Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra* says: "Ordinary beings have existence, the two vehicles have non-existence, and the Buddhas and bodhisattvas have neither existence nor non-existence." The doctrine of the three truths will be briefly clarified when explaining the "Chapter on Entering the Dharma-Door of Non-Duality."