維摩經玄疏 4.45

4.45

答曰：二義往釋，一、有教有人；二、有教無人。若是三教方便之說，因中稟教之者，即並有教有人。佛果、補處及上位菩薩，能說三教，此並有教無人。所以者何？所稟三教行人，因教各獲其利，故有教有人也。能說之教主，示現為三教之佛，菩薩令物慕果行因，因行既成，則無復化主。如斯乃緣感便應，緣謝便息。空拳誑小兒，引將還家，手內實無物也。三教化主，亦皆如是。若是圓教有教有人者，因中稟教，乃至法雲有教有人，斷四十一品無明，法身補處，此實不虛。妙覺法身，無說之說，即是果上有教有人也。有教無人，目之為權；有教有人，名之為實。

Answer: One explains it in terms of two meanings: first, there being the teaching and there being the person; second, there being the teaching and no person. If it is the expedient exposition of the three teachings, those who receive the teaching on the causal ground possess both the teaching and the person. The Buddha fruit, succession, and the bodhisattvas of the higher stages who are able to preach the three teachings—these all have the teaching but no [actual] person. Why is this? The practitioners who receive the three teachings each obtain their benefit through the teaching; hence, there is the teaching and there is the person. The masters of the teaching who are able to speak it manifest as the Buddhas and bodhisattvas of the three teachings to cause sentient beings to admire the fruit and practice the cause; once the causal practice is accomplished, there is no longer a transforming master. In this way, they respond whenever there is a causal connection, and when the causal connection ceases, they rest. It is like deceiving a small child with an empty fist to lead them back home, while in reality there is nothing inside the hand. The transforming masters of the three teachings are also like this. If it is the perfect teaching where there is the teaching and there is the person, receiving the teaching on the causal ground up to Dharma Cloud has the teaching and has the person; severing forty-one grades of ignorance, the succession to the Dharmakāya is real and not illusory. The marvelous enlightenment Dharmakāya's exposition without exposition is precisely having the teaching and having the person on the fruitional level. Having the teaching but no person is termed "provisional"; having the teaching and having the person is named "ultimate."