維摩經玄疏 4.52

4.52

一、三藏教機緣起則興，機謝則癈，所言機者，可發之義，名之為機。前緣有小樂欲可起，小善可生，小惡可治，偏真之解可發，故須用四悉檀，於聲聞經中說因緣生滅四諦、十二因緣、六度之教，開三乘之道。聞則稱機，樂欲心起，生善斷惡，若是二乘，發真無漏，證有餘涅槃；若是菩薩，六度調心，得伏忍、柔順忍也，故《法華經》云：「小智樂小法，不自信作佛。是故以方便，分別說諸果。」為此機緣，雖無三藏伏結，補處菩薩淨、無垢、稱義，三十四心佛果，住有餘涅槃之佛，為欲四悉檀起此教故，示現此教形聲，赴機度物。故《法華經》明，「長者即脫瓔珞，著弊垢衣，執除糞器，狀有所畏，語諸作人。」即是三藏教「興」之義也。癈者，此小欲將歇，小善已成，事惡既除，真解已發，是則四緣俱息，則三藏所說之教、能說之人俱癈也。

First, the Tripiṭaka teaching arises when the faculties and conditions arise, and is discarded when the faculties cease. As for the term "faculty" (jī), the meaning of "capable of being activated" is named "faculty." In the preceding conditions, there is a minor longing that can be aroused, minor good that can be produced, minor evil that can be cured, and an understanding of biased truth that can be activated. Therefore one must use the four siddhāntas to preach in the sūtras of the śrāvakas the teaching of the Four Truths of causal arising and ceasing, the twelve links of dependent origination, and the six perfections, opening the Way of the three vehicles. Hearing it conforms to their capacities: the mind of longing arises, producing the good and severing evil. If they are of the two vehicles, they activate the true untainted [wisdom] and realize nirvāṇa with remainder. If they are bodhisattvas, they attune their minds through the six perfections and attain subduing forbearance and compliant forbearance. Thus the *Lotus Sūtra* states: "Those of small wisdom delight in minor dharmas / and do not believe they can become Buddhas. / Therefore, using expedient means, / [the Buddha] distinguishes and preaches the various fruits." For the sake of these faculties and conditions, although there is no actual meaning of subduing bonds of the Tripiṭaka, the "pure," "stainless," and "reputed" of the bodhisattva of succession, the Buddha fruit of thirty-four minds, or a Buddha abiding in nirvāṇa with remainder, in order to give rise to this teaching through the four siddhāntas, they manifest the form and voice of this teaching, matching the faculties to deliver beings. Thus the *Lotus Sūtra* explains: "The elder immediately took off his necklaces, put on dirty, ragged clothes, took up a vessel for removing dung, appeared fearful, and spoke to the workers." This is precisely the meaning of the "arising" of the Tripiṭaka teaching. As for "discarding": when this small desire is about to cease, the minor good is already accomplished, phenomenal evil is eliminated, and the understanding of truth has been activated, then the four conditions all rest, and both the teaching preached by the Tripiṭaka and the person capable of preaching it are discarded.