維摩經玄疏 3.60

3.60

Second, concerning discerning that which is expressed: Teaching is that which expresses, and principle is that which is expressed. Hence, relying on principle, teaching is established; by means of teaching, principle is revealed. Identity with principle is not teaching; identity with teaching is not principle. Apart from principle there is no teaching; apart from teaching there is no principle. Therefore the *Viśeṣacintibrahmaparipṛcchā Sūtra* says: "Within bodhi there are no written words; within written words there is also no bodhi. Apart from bodhi there are no written words; apart from written words there is no bodhi." Because apart from bodhi there are no written words, teaching is set forth in reference to principle. Because apart from written words there is no bodhi, setting forth the teaching can reveal the principle. That teaching is that which expresses and principle is that which is expressed—the meaning lies in this. That which is called principle is precisely the truths. Now, clarifying principle in reference to the truths: teaching arises from principle, and teaching can express principle; teaching is that which expresses, and principle is that which is expressed. Regarding the meaning of that which is expressed, there are briefly four meanings: first, clarifying that which is expressed in reference to the principle of the four truths; second, clarifying that which is expressed in reference to the principle of the three truths; third, clarifying that which is expressed in reference to the principle of the two truths; fourth, clarifying that which is expressed in reference to the principle of the one truth.