維摩經玄疏 5.99

5.99

Answer: Conceivable liberation annihilates form to grasp emptiness; this is liberation with remainder. The causes of form and mind being annihilated, it is liberation without remainder; the effects of form and mind being annihilated, since liberation is clarified in terms of no form and no mind, it has no substance. If it is inconceivable liberation, contemplating form and mind is none other than the form and mind of the Dharma-nature; the form and mind of the Dharma-nature fundamentally have no causal arising, and hence are not effect-annihilation. Attaining liberation by seeing that form and mind neither arise nor cease, it possesses the substance of true, excellent, and wondrous form and wondrous mind. Therefore the Nirvāṇa Sūtra says: 'Liberation has two kinds: both form and non-form. Non-form is the śrāvakas and pratyekabuddhas; form is the liberation attained by the buddhas and tathāgatas.' It also says: 'Wondrous form is tranquil and constantly abides, not shifted by birth, aging, sickness, and death.' It also says: 'Form is the liberation of nirvāṇa; feeling, perception, karmic formations, and consciousness are the liberation of nirvāṇa.' This is what the Benevolent King Sūtra clarifies as the liberation of the Dharma-nature form, feeling, perception, karmic formations, and consciousness. If there were no form, it would be like a dead person; how could one speak of liberation?