維摩經略疏 5.85

5.85

From "Subduing" below, the second [part] clarifies the merit of transforming others in the Mahāyāna leaving of household life. The text has two: first, subduing the maras; second, overcoming non-Buddhists. Subduing the maras is shattering discourses of craving; overcoming non-Buddhists is shattering discourses of views. However, craving and views are twofold: inside the realms, they are the followers of Pāpīyān and the six masters; outside the realms, they are the two vehicles and the bodhisattvas of the shared teaching. First, explaining the merit of transforming others in terms of subduing the maras: the Mahāsaṃnipāta clarifies that attaining the bodhisattva path shatters the defilement-māra; attaining the dharmatā-body shatters the skandha-māra; attaining both the bodhisattva path and the dharmatā-body shatters the death-māra; and attaining the unshakeable samādhi shatters the māra of the son of the gods of Paranirmitavaśavartin. The Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra clarifies eight māras, meaning permanence and so forth, four; and impermanence and so forth, four. The former four are inside the realms; the latter four are outside the realms. Based on the aforementioned defilement-māra, these eight are opened up: the four defilements arising from permanence and so forth are inside the realms, and the four defilements arising from impermanence and so forth are outside the realms. If one correctly contemplates the Middle Way and attains the true unconditioned dharma, that is personally shattering the eight māras. For transforming others, speaking of the Middle Way as non-existence shatters permanence and the others of the four; speaking of the Middle Way as non-emptiness shatters impermanence and the others of the four. Therefore it says "subduing the multitude of māras." "Delivering the five destinies": the five destinies are all retinues of the māras. By the power of the bodhisattva's roots of kindness, they are born into the five destinies, manifest their bodies, perform identical actions, and preach the Dharma, being able to deliver the five destinies and six destinies. Opening the six destinies yields the twenty-five states of existence. When the bodhisattva contemplates the Middle and doubly illuminates the two truths, they attain the samādhi of the three truths, accomplishing the twenty-five samādhis. Shattering existence tenfold, they can deliver the five destinies inside the realms and the three kinds of mind-made bodies of the two vehicles and greatly powerful bodhisattvas outside the realms. "Purifying the five eyes": the bodhisattva cultivates the true unconditioned and completely contemplates the three truths: contemplating conventional coarse objects to shatter evil karma is called purifying the physical eye; contemplating conventional subtle objects to shatter scattered minds is called purifying the divine eye; contemplating the true truth to shatter delusions inside the realms is called purifying the wisdom eye; contemplating conventional truths inside and outside the realms to shatter ignorance as numerous as the sands of the Ganges is called purifying the Dharma eye; contemplating the Middle and doubly illuminating to completely eliminate fundamental ignorance is purifying the buddha eye. "Attaining the five powers": purifying the five eyes means attaining the five powers, which means attaining the five powers within the four kinds of aids to enlightenment. Why? Breaking down entities to purify the wisdom eye attains the five powers of arising and non-arising; entering the provisional from emptiness to purify the Dharma eye attains the immeasurable five powers; contemplating the Middle Way and completely illuminating the realm of reality to purify the buddha eye attains the unconditioned five powers. These are three expedient and one real. "Establishing the five faculties": the bodhisattva knows that the equal realm of reality is like space, neither expedient nor real, yet can accomplish the expedient and real five powers. Transforming the four types of sentient beings so each produces the five faculties is establishing the five faculties. "Not vexing them": using the four siddhāntas to accord with the four faculties and conditions, they never miss the capacity and ruin others' roots of goodness; this is not vexing them. "Leaving behind manifold impurities": the bodhisattva personally accomplishes the four kinds of five powers, leaving behind all impurities inside and outside the realms; and can establish the four kinds of five faculties in sentient beings, leaving behind improper doubts and other unwholesome defilements; this is causing sentient beings to leave behind manifold impurities.