維摩經略疏 6.89

6.89

"By gathering... pāramitā" is the second, based on the six perfections. "By gathering stinginess and greed, giving rise to dāna-pāramitā": contemplating the three factors, one sees the Middle Way and is free from the two extremes; neither stingy nor giving, this is called true giving. To gather the five kinds of stinginess and greed, one gives rise to the five kinds of giving—four provisional and one true. Gathering sentient beings has already been briefly distinguished above in praising Vimalakīrti's virtues. "To transform those who violate the precepts, giving rise to śīla": when a bodhisattva practices giving, seeing the One Real Truth, they forget both upholding and violating; this is true śīla. "To transform sentient beings" is explained following the example of giving. "By means of the dharma of selflessness, giving rise to kṣānti": contemplating the real truth of giving, one is non-dual regarding self and non-self; this is true selflessness. If one sees true selflessness, then one is neither angry nor patient; this is true kṣānti. Transforming sentient beings follows the preceding example. "By departing from the characteristics of body and mind, giving rise to vīrya": contemplating the three factors of giving and seeing the One Real Truth, one does not see the body and mind as having characteristics or lacking characteristics, neither progressing nor indolent; this is true vīrya. Transforming beings follows the preceding example. "By means of the characteristics of bodhi, giving rise to dhyāna-concentration": contemplating the real truth of giving, it is quiescent cessation; cessation is bodhi, without characteristics of concentration or distraction; this is the concentration of the true truth. Transforming beings follows the preceding example. "By means of the knowledge of all aspects, giving rise to prajñā": contemplating the Middle Way of giving, one sees neither folly nor wisdom; this is true knowledge of the modes [of the path]. Transforming beings follows the preceding example.