維摩經略疏垂裕記 1.51

1.51

煬帝諱廣，在位十一年，壽五十九歲，年號大業。「勅文」等者，勅者，《文心雕龍》曰「漢初定儀則有四品：一曰策書、二曰制書、三曰詔書、四曰戒勅，勅戒州郡、詔誥百官、制施赦令、策封侯王。」策，簡也。制，裁也。詔，誥也。勅，正也。《要言》曰「勅者正也，謂王言發下，正於群臣，無敢違者。」大抵詔制攸同，唐貞觀中始用黃紙寫勅制焉。至高宗上元二年，詔曰：詔勅施行既為永式，比用白紙多有蟲蠧，今後尚書省頒下天下並宜用黃紙。「國清」，寺名也。「百錄」者，章安錄大師在日立制軌儀、帝王詔勅、卿相書啟等，凡一百條，集成五卷，因寺標名，故稱國清百錄。抄造疏時，煬帝猶是晉王，大師滅後方登大寶。今從後說，故云煬帝及勅文也。漢制，天子曰勅、皇后皇太子曰令、諸王曰教。「侍者」下，給侍之人稱侍者。會大師入滅，故但至〈佛道品〉，即開皇十七年也。《別傳》曰「煬帝對所遺《淨名疏》而願言：昔親奉師顏未得諮決，今承遺旨何由可悟？願冥慈訓尋文生解。夜乃感夢，群僧集閣，王自說義釋難如流。見先師飛空而來，傾瀉七寶璨然閣內，還却飛去。因茲有悟。」又《別傳》云「大師一生講說，不著章疏。唯奉勅撰淨名疏，至〈佛道品〉二十八卷。」後分即〈不二門〉、〈香積〉、〈菩薩行〉、〈阿閦佛國〉、〈法供養〉、〈囑累〉六品也。「章安」，地名，諱灌頂。後學尊崇，故指其所生之處以召之。然大師辨才雲行雨施，能受能記唯章安一人，故諸部言教悉章安結集潤色也。

Emperor Yang's taboo name was Guang; he was on the throne for eleven years, lived to fifty-nine, and his reign era was Daye. Regarding "imperial decree" and so forth: as for "decree" (chi), the Wenxin diaolong says: "In the early Han, court protocols were established with four categories: first, testamentary tablets (ce); second, royal ordinances (zhi); third, proclamations (zhao); fourth, cautionary decrees (chi). Decrees (chi) caution the provinces and commanderies; proclamations (zhao) announce to the hundred officials; ordinances (zhi) promulgate amnesties; testamentary tablets (ce) enfeoff marquis and kings." Ce means bamboo slips. Zhi means regulation. Zhao means an announcement. Chi means correction. The Yaoyan says: "Chi means to correct; it means that when the king's words are issued downward, they correct the ministers, and none dare disobey." In general, proclamations (zhao) and ordinances (zhi) share the same status; during the Zhenguan era of the Tang, yellow paper first began to be used to transcribe decrees and ordinances. By the second year of the Shangyuan era under Emperor Gaozong, an imperial proclamation stated: "Since the implementation of proclamations and decrees serves as a permanent standard, and recently using white paper has caused much damage by bookworms, from now on all documents issued by the Department of State Affairs to the realm should use yellow paper." "Guoqing" is the name of a monastery. The "Bailu" refers to Zhang'an's recording of the Great Master's institutional regulations, imperial proclamations and decrees, and correspondence with ministers while he was alive, totaling one hundred items compiled into five fascicles; named after the monastery, it is therefore called the Guoqing bailu. When this commentary was being drafted, Emperor Yang was still the Prince of Jin, and only ascended the throne after the Great Master passed away. Here it is spoken of retrospectively; hence it says "Emperor Yang" and "imperial decree." By Han regulations, what was issued by the Son of Heaven was called a chi, by the Empress or Crown Prince a ling, and by the princes a jiao. Below, regarding "attendant": the one who waited upon him was called an attendant. It happened that the Great Master entered parinirvāṇa, so it only reached the "Chapter on the Buddha Path," which was the seventeenth year of Kaihuang. The Biezhuan [Alternative Biography] states: "Facing the bequeathed Commentary on the Vimalakīrti, Emperor Yang made a vow, saying: 'In the past, personally waiting upon the Master's presence, I was unable to consult him and decide [my doubts]; now, receiving his bequeathed intentions, by what means can I awaken? I pray for covert, compassionate instruction, so that as I examine the text, understanding will arise.' That night he was moved to have a dream: a host of monks gathered in a pavilion, and the Prince himself explained the meaning and resolved difficulties like a flowing stream. He saw his late master fly through the air, pouring out the seven treasures in brilliant profusion into the pavilion, and then flying back away. Because of this he had an awakening." The Biezhuan also states: "The Great Master taught throughout his life without composing commentaries. It was only on imperial command that he composed the Commentary on the Vimalakīrti, reaching twenty-eight fascicles at the 'Chapter on the Buddha Path.'" The latter portion consists of the six chapters: "Gate of Non-Duality," "Gandhakūṭa," "Bodhisattva Practice," "Akṣobhya Buddha's Land," "Dharma Offering," and "Entrustment." "Zhang'an" is a place name; his taboo name was Guanding. Later scholars revered him, so they addressed him by his place of birth. Yet the Great Master's eloquence was like clouds drifting and rain falling; only Zhang'an alone could receive and retain it. Thus all his scriptural teachings were compiled and polished by Zhang'an.