淨名玄論 4.19

4.19

問：《釋論》云「菩薩有二道，一般若道、二方便道。」云何為二道耶？答：有人言：般若道即實相般若，方便道謂方便般若。是事不然。大判二道，以為三例：一今依梵本，應言般若道、漚和道。二具開此言，應云慧道、方便道。三彼此合目，如論所明，般若舉彼之稱，方便有此之名。今若言實相般若、方便般若皆稱般若，則二道不分。又實相般若是境、方便般若是智，豈可以境智為二道耶？設言實相般若是實慧、方便般若是方便慧，以為二道，是亦不然。論云「般若、方便以為二道」，何得皆稱般若？若爾，二道應俱名方便。又立三般若，皆就般若道中開之：一實相般若、二觀照般若、三文字般若。實相能生般若，故名般若。文字能詮般若，以所詮為稱，亦名般若。三觀照當體，名為般若。

Question: The Dazhidulun states: "A bodhisattva has two paths: first, the path of prajñā; second, the path of upāya." What are these two paths? Answer: Some say: The path of prajñā is prajñā as dharmatā, and the path of upāya is prajñā as upāya. This is not so. In making a general determination of the two paths, there are three alternatives: First, relying now on the Sanskrit text, one should say the path of prajñā and the path of upāya. Second, fully expanding these expressions [into Chinese], one should say the path of wisdom and the path of upāya. Third, combining both terms together, as the treatise explains: "prajñā" takes the Indian name, while "upāya" uses the Chinese name. Now, if one were to say that both prajñā as dharmatā and prajñā as upāya are called prajñā, then the two paths would not be distinguished. Furthermore, prajñā as dharmatā is the object, whereas prajñā as upāya is cognition; how could object and cognition constitute the two paths? Suppose one says that prajñā as dharmatā is real wisdom and prajñā as upāya is expedient wisdom, thereby constituting the two paths; this too is incorrect. The treatise states that "prajñā and upāya constitute the two paths"; how could both be called prajñā? If so, both paths should equally be named upāya. Furthermore, when establishing the three kinds of prajñā, all are unfolded from within the path of prajñā: first, prajñā as dharmatā; second, prajñā as contemplative illumination; third, prajñā as written words. Dharmatā can generate prajñā, and is therefore called prajñā. Written words can express prajñā, and taking their name from what they express, are also called prajñā. Third, contemplative illumination is prajñā in its very essence, and is called prajñā.