淨名玄論 8.13

8.13

次明報土者，為據因位三賢十聖實行為論，即是報土。以未免三界內外果報，必有栖宅。栖宅之處，是菩薩實報，故名報土。即菩薩報土而復化物，與菩薩同生其中。據眾生感，菩薩土亦名報土。即此報土，眾生宜見之者，菩薩為之示現，故報土亦名為應也。據菩薩為報，約眾生為應。問：若然，即報應何異？答：正可具前諸義，不可迢然歷別。家師常云：報應土、應報土，眾生佛土、佛眾生土，佛菩薩土、菩薩佛土，下士聞之則便致笑。今恐不逮者多，故不陳此說。斯言正會經旨也。問：今頗有報應異義以不？答：一往欲示異相者，應土則暫有、報土則長久。如此經按地所現，小時便息；報土據眾生果報共招，久期受用。以此為異也。又如穢土，是眾生惡業所感，故名為報；非是佛示現，所以非應。但佛入穢土化物，託居眾生報土之中，故名此報以為佛土。問：即眾生惡業穢土是佛應土不？答：佛應居其內，故稱佛土，亦得名為佛應土也。故下文云「為欲度斯下劣人故，示是眾穢惡不淨土耳」。考斯言旨，本是身子之流不依佛慧，故曰見不淨。此是惡業感土，如餓鬼惡業故感鐵丸，非是佛應，但佛應居其中，故說為示現耳。

Next, clarifying the reward land: if one speaks with reference to the real practices of the three worthies and ten sages in the causal stage, this is a reward land. Because they have not yet escaped the retribution inside and outside the three realms, they must have a dwelling place. The dwelling place is the real reward of a bodhisattva, and is therefore called a reward land. By means of this bodhisattva reward land, they further transform beings, who are born together with the bodhisattva within it. Based on the evocation of sentient beings, the bodhisattva's land is also called a reward land. This very reward land, when it is appropriate for sentient beings to see it, is manifested for them by the bodhisattva; therefore the reward land is also called manifested. It is a reward with respect to the bodhisattva, and manifested with respect to sentient beings. Question: If so, what is the difference between reward and manifestation? Answer: It precisely accommodates all the aforementioned meanings and cannot be sharply and distinctly separated. Our master often said: 'The reward manifested land, the manifested reward land; sentient beings' Buddha-land, the Buddha's sentient-being-land; the Buddha's bodhisattva-land, the bodhisattva's Buddha-land—inferior persons, hearing this, immediately burst into laughter.' Now, fearing that those who fail to reach it are many, I do not elaborate this explanation. These words precisely accord with the purport of the sūtra. Question: Is there now any difference in meaning between reward and manifestation? Answer: If one preliminarily wishes to show their different characteristics, a manifested land is temporary, whereas a reward land is long-lasting. As in this sūtra, when [the Buddha] pressed the earth with his foot, the display ceased after a short time; a reward land, based on what sentient beings jointly invite through karmic retribution, is experienced and enjoyed for a long period. This is their difference. Furthermore, as with a defiled land: it is evoked by the evil karma of sentient beings, and is therefore called a reward; it is not manifested by the Buddha, and so it is not a manifestation. But the Buddha enters the defiled land to transform beings, taking up residence within sentient beings' reward land; therefore this reward is called a Buddha-land. Question: Is this defiled land of sentient beings' evil karma the Buddha's manifested land or not? Answer: Because the Buddha manifests his dwelling within it, it is called a Buddha-land, and may also be called the Buddha's manifested land. Therefore the text below says: 'In order to deliver these inferior people, he merely displays this land of various defilements, evils, and impurities.' Examining the purport of these words, originally Śāriputra and his peers did not rely on the Buddha's wisdom, which is why it says they saw impurity. This is a land evoked by evil karma, just as hungry ghosts evoke iron pellets due to evil karma; it is not the Buddha's manifestation, but because the Buddha manifests his dwelling within it, it is said to be displayed.