維摩經義疏 1.18

1.18

次釋所說經。淨名妙德內充，託疾興教，故稱為說。經者，梵本名修多羅，凡具五義：一曰涌泉，義味無盡。二曰顯示，顯示法人。三曰出生，出生諸義。四曰繩墨，裁邪取正。五曰結鬘，貫穿諸法。此土往翻，目之為綖，綖能持物，教能詮理。又翻為經，經者訓法訓常，正釋由義，體可模楷為法、物不能改為常。由文悟理，故稱由也。

Next, explaining the sūtra that was spoken. Jingming's marvelous virtues were abundant within; relying on illness he gave rise to the teaching, and so it is called "spoken." As for "sūtra," in the Sanskrit original it is named sūtra, which broadly possesses five meanings: First, a gushing spring, its flavor of meaning being inexhaustible. Second, manifestation, manifesting the persons and dharmas. Third, production, producing all meanings. Fourth, a carpenter's chalk-line, trimming away the crooked and taking the straight. Fifth, a strung garland, threading through all dharmas. In earlier translations in this land, it was designated as a thread (xian); a thread can hold things together, and a teaching can express principles. It is also translated as jing: jing is glossed as fa ("standard/model") and glossed as chang ("constant"), properly explaining the meaning of "that through which" (you); its essence serving as a model is fa; things being unable to alter it is chang. Through (you) the text one awakens to principle; hence it is called "that through which."