說無垢稱經疏 1.37

1.37

贊曰：下明菩薩眾中有四，一標類舉數；二歎彰功德；三別列名；四牒總結，「如是等上首菩薩」下是。此初文也。菩薩摩訶薩，類也。三萬二千，數也。菩提薩埵，略言菩薩，合有四釋：一菩提覺義，智所求佛果。薩埵有情義，則所度眾生。《攝論》云「以菩提薩埵為所緣境，故言菩薩。」菩薩所修自他二利，二利即二行，故以為名。又菩提如前，薩埵有情義，謂諸菩薩猶有異熟識，故得名有情。求大菩提之有情者，簡異所餘諸有情者，故名菩薩。又菩提如前，薩埵勇健義，不憚處時、不悋財命，求大菩提之勇健者，簡餘生死之勇健者，故名菩薩。故《攝論》云「有志有能，故名菩薩。」《十一面經》云「菩提即般若，薩埵謂方便。」《法花》云「諸佛所證，甚深難解。有所言說，意趣難知。」即有智慧及有方便，有實智權智、真智修智、理智事智，自利利他，故名菩薩。摩訶薩埵，略言摩訶薩。摩訶大義，薩埵如前，為簡二乘地前凡類。乃簡七地已前菩薩，故立大名。是等皆是八地已上，非前位故。三萬二千，現所機會，但標上位；下位准知，故不標別。

Commentary: The following explanation of the assembly of bodhisattvas contains four [parts]: 1. designating the category and citing the number; 2. praising and displaying their virtues; 3. individually listing their names; 4. restating and summarizing in conclusion, which begins with "Bodhisattvas who were leaders like these" below. This is the first passage.

"Bodhisattva-mahāsattva" is the category. "Thirty-two thousand" is the number.

*Bodhisattva*, abbreviated as *pusa*, has four interpretations altogether:
First, *bodhi* means awakening, which is the fruit of Buddhahood sought by knowledge. *Sattva* means sentient being, which refers to the living beings to be delivered. The *Mahāyānasaṃgraha* says: "Because they take *bodhi* and *sattvas* as cognitive objects, they are called *bodhisattvas*." The bodhisattva cultivates the two benefits of self and other; the two benefits are the two practices, hence they are named from this.
Second, *bodhi* is as explained above, and *sattva* means sentient being; that is, because bodhisattvas still possess the ripened consciousness (vipākavijñāna), they can be called sentient beings. They are sentient beings who seek great bodhi, distinguishing them from the remaining sentient beings; therefore, they are named bodhisattvas.
Third, *bodhi* is as explained above, and *sattva* means courageous and steadfast; not fearing place or time, not begrudging wealth or life, they are courageous ones who seek great bodhi, distinguishing them from those who are courageous in the remainder of saṃsāra; therefore, they are named bodhisattvas. Thus the *Mahāyānasaṃgraha* says: "Having resolve and having capability, they are therefore named bodhisattvas."
Fourth, the *Ekādaśamukha-sūtra* says: "*Bodhi* is prajñā, and *sattva* means upāya." The *Lotus Sūtra* says: "What all Buddhas have realized is profound and difficult to understand; what they preach has an intention that is difficult to know." That is, possessing wisdom and possessing expedient means, possessing real wisdom and provisional wisdom, true wisdom and cultivated wisdom, wisdom regarding principle and wisdom regarding phenomena, benefiting oneself and benefiting others, they are therefore named bodhisattvas.

*Mahāsattva*, abbreviated as *mohesa*. *Mahā* means great; *sattva* is as explained before. In order to distinguish them from the two vehicles and the ordinary beings prior to the bhūmis, and even to distinguish them from bodhisattvas prior to the seventh bhūmi, the designation "great" is established. These [bodhisattvas] are all at the eighth bhūmi and above, not in the preceding ranks. "Thirty-two thousand" refers to those currently gathered at the assembly, only designating those of the higher ranks; those of lower ranks should be understood by analogy, and thus are not individually designated.