說無垢稱經疏 2.54

2.54

贊曰：此顯善達機宜濟利功德。醫者意也，善識病源、妙閑藥本，隨時救利，立以醫名。於此自在，名大醫王。方謂方法，說藥之教。術謂道術，救濟之要。善知此二，立醫王名。既識眾生之根，故能應病而與其藥。藥既與之，其疾便愈，施其安樂。樂有五樂：一、自性樂，樂受體。二、因樂，能生樂受根境等法。三、苦對治樂，寒熱等苦暫息滅時，生起樂想。四、斷受樂，謂滅定。五、無惱害樂。無惱害樂復有四種：一出離樂，謂色無色界。二遠離樂，謂出家者。三覺法樂，謂菩提。四寂靜樂，謂涅槃。如〈菩薩地〉解此五樂，安即是樂。此中二解：一解：菩薩喻療生死病，大醫王故。病即機感，藥謂正法。二解：菩薩善解五明、知醫方術，故能應病與藥，愈疾施安。濟現身病及後身病，故通二解。

Commentary: This reveals the virtue of expertly understanding suitability of capacities to bring aid and benefit. A physician (yī) is intention (yì): skillfully recognizing the origin of illness and masterfully versed in the fundamentals of remedies, saving and benefiting according to the occasion, one is given the name 'physician'. Sovereign in this, one is called a 'great medicine king'. 'Prescriptions' (fāng) means methods, the teachings explaining medicine. 'Arts' (shù) means arts of the Way, the essentials of relief. Skillfully knowing these two establishes the name 'medicine king'. Having recognized the faculties of sentient beings, one is thus able to dispense remedies in response to illnesses. The remedy having been dispensed, their illnesses are cured, bestowing ease and joy upon them. As for joy, there are five joys: 1. Intrinsic joy, the essence of pleasant feeling. 2. Causal joy, dharmas such as faculties and objects capable of producing pleasant feeling. 3. Antidote joy to suffering, when sufferings such as cold and heat temporarily cease, giving rise to the idea of joy. 4. Joy of cessation of feeling, which is the absorption of cessation. 5. Joy free from vexation. Joy free from vexation again has four kinds: 1. Joy of renunciation, referring to the form and formless realms. 2. Joy of seclusion, referring to those who have gone forth. 3. Joy of awakening to the Dharma, referring to bodhi. 4. Joy of tranquility, referring to nirvāṇa. As the *Bodhisattvabhūmi* explains these five joys, well-being is simply joy. Here there are two explanations: The first explanation: The bodhisattva is analogized to treating the disease of saṃsāra, being a great medicine king. The disease is the receptive capacity, and the medicine is the true Dharma. The second explanation: The bodhisattva expertly understands the five sciences and knows the arts of medical prescriptions, and therefore can dispense medicine in response to illness, curing disease and bestowing well-being. Relieving both present physical illnesses and future physical illnesses, both explanations are therefore valid.