說無垢稱經疏 3.64

3.64

贊曰：下觀逼迫。文中有二：初釋苦相、後勸勿恃。此初文也。苦乃八苦、三苦之所惱故。八苦者，一生苦，此有二種：一眾苦所逼故、二餘苦所依故。於母胎中生熟藏間，具受種種極不淨物所逼迫故。正出胎時，後受支體逼切大苦。自後復有老病死等眾苦隨逐。二老苦，時分變壞苦故。三病苦，大種變易苦故。四死苦，壽命變壞苦故。五怨憎會苦，合會生苦故。六愛別離苦，別離生苦故。七求不得苦，所希不果生苦故。如有頌言：趣求諸欲人，常起於希望，諸欲若不隨，惱壞如箭中。八略攝一切五取蘊苦，麁重不安生苦故。為此八苦之所惱亂，與煩惱病為所依器，多諸過患，一百五苦所隨逐故，變壞之法不久停故，無常故苦。生分無常，為緣故苦，苦性可了知。滅分無常，為緣故壞，苦性可了知。俱分無常，為緣故行苦，性可了知。故以變壞而釋苦義。

Commentary: Next is the contemplation of affliction. Within the text there are two parts: first, explaining the characteristics of suffering; second, exhorting one not to rely upon it. This is the first part. The suffering is because one is afflicted by the eight sufferings and the three sufferings. As for the eight sufferings: first, the suffering of birth. This has two kinds: first, because it is pressed by manifold sufferings; second, because it is the basis upon which the remaining sufferings rely. In the mother's womb, between the receptacle of raw food and the receptacle of cooked food, one fully experiences oppression by various extremely impure things. At the very moment of emerging from the womb, one subsequently undergoes the great suffering of being squeezed and pressed in limbs and body. Thereafter, manifold sufferings such as old age, sickness, and death continually follow. Second, the suffering of old age, which is suffering due to the deterioration of time periods. Third, the suffering of sickness, which is suffering due to the disruption of the primary elements. Fourth, the suffering of death, which is suffering due to the destruction of the lifespan. Fifth, the suffering of meeting what is hated, which is suffering produced by encountering [them]. Sixth, the suffering of separation from what is loved, which is suffering produced by parting. Seventh, the suffering of not getting what one seeks, which is suffering produced by not realizing what one hopes for. As a verse states: "Those who pursue desires / Constantly give rise to hopes; / If their desires are not complied with, / They are distressed and broken as if struck by an arrow." Eighth, briefly summarizing all, the suffering of the five grasping aggregates, which is suffering produced by coarse heaviness and unrest. Being troubled and disturbed by these eight sufferings, serving as a receptacle on which the sickness of defilements relies, possessing many faults and perils, being followed by the one hundred and five sufferings, and being dharmas subject to change and decay that do not remain for long—impermanent, therefore suffering. Impermanence in the phase of arising serves as a condition for suffering, and the nature of suffering can be comprehended. Impermanence in the phase of cessation serves as a condition for decay, and the nature of suffering can be comprehended. Impermanence in both phases serves as a condition for the suffering of conditioning, and its nature can be comprehended. Therefore, the meaning of suffering is explained through change and decay.