說無垢稱經疏 6.136

6.136

Commentary: These are the four verbal evils. When mind and object conflict, it is called false. When it causes another to misapprehend, it is called deceptive. If one says "untrue speech," even true speech in saṃsāra could be called untrue speech, because its substance is empty and false. "Divisive speech" was formerly called "double-tongued." Speaking from two ends might be called double-tongued, and if with five heads it would be called five-tongued; therefore, one should simply call it divisive speech, because uttering words divides others who are close and friendly. "Harsh speech" was formerly called "evil mouth"; this is not an evil mouth, but rather the speech is evil. Uttering worldly vulgar words, coarse, vulgar, and abhorrent, is called harsh speech. "Frivolous talk" was formerly called "ornate speech"; elaborate ornamentation is called ornate. All words of praise would then be ornate speech. Now it is called frivolous and impure: the phrasing is ornate and mixed, and being base and vulgar is called impure; then words of praise will not incur this fault.