金光明經玄義 2.19

2.19

Having understood this meaning, one then discusses subsuming dharmas. Subsuming dharmas is threefold: first, subsuming doctrinal gates; second, subsuming scriptural teachings; third, subsuming the six levels of identity. First, subsuming doctrinal gates: the three paths subsume all delusions; the three consciousnesses subsume all understandings; the three kinds of buddha-nature subsume all causes; the three kinds of prajñā subsume all wisdoms; the three kinds of bodhi subsume all practices of generating the aspiration [for enlightenment]; the three kinds of Mahāyāna subsume all stages of setting out; the trikāya subsumes all wisdom virtues of the fruit of buddhahood; the three kinds of nirvāṇa subsume all abandonment virtues of the fruit of buddhahood; the triratna subsumes all grace virtues of the Buddha; and the three virtues subsume all principles. This is the horizontal subsumption of doctrinal gates. Second, subsuming teachings: the three paths are the three hindrances; the three hindrances are precisely the three liberations, which subsumes the Vimalakīrti-nirdeśa's teaching on inconceivable liberation. The three consciousnesses subsume the Laṅkāvatāra, the Bodhisattvabhūmi (*Dhāraṇī* / *Bhūmi* treatises), the Mahāyānasaṃgraha, and so forth. The three kinds of buddha-nature subsume the Nirvāṇa [Sūtra]. The three kinds of prajñā subsume the Pañcaviṃśatisāhasrikā-prajñāpāramitā and the other teachings of the five periods. The three kinds of bodhi subsume the various vaipulya sūtras. The three kinds of Mahāyāna subsume the Lotus Sūtra. The trikāya subsumes the Avataṃsaka. The three kinds of nirvāṇa, the triratna, and the three virtues all subsume the Nirvāṇa [Sūtra]. These are cited according to the respective texts; all the eighty thousand dharma treasuries should likewise be subsumed (and so forth). Third, subsuming the stages: the path of suffering contains all five aggregates; the path of afflictions contains the five entrenchments of delusion; the path of karma contains all karma, and so forth (and so forth). The three paths are the three hindrances, which obstruct and cover the six stages. If, in accordance with the three kinds of non-paths, one penetrates to the three kinds of Buddha-path, what is revealed by the six stages subsumes all stages. Even up to the three virtues, there are also six stages. Since the three virtues are completely subsumed, how could the six stages not be completely encompassed? The analogy between them may be naturally known (and so forth). As for why three rounds of subsumption are made, they correspond to the three meanings of 'emperor', 'wisdom', and 'king'. Subsuming doctrinal gates corresponds to the meaning of 'noble'; subsuming teachings corresponds to the meaning of 'wisdom'; and subsuming stages corresponds to the meaning of 'king'. Furthermore, subsuming doctrinal gates is horizontal subsumption; subsuming stages is vertical subsumption; and subsuming teachings is both horizontal and vertical subsumption. The meaning of comprehensive subsumption having been made clear, the meaning of 'king of sūtras' is manifest.