佛說盂蘭盆經疏 1.10

1.10

二、藏乘所攝。第二藏乘所攝者，藏謂三藏，乘謂五乘。三藏者，一、修多羅，此云契經。契者，契理契機。經者，《佛地論》云「貫攝為義」，謂貫穿所應知義，攝持所化生故。此教於三學中詮於定學。二、毘奈耶，此云調伏。調謂調練三業，伏謂制伏過非。此教詮於戒學。三、阿毘達磨，此云對法。法謂涅槃四諦，對謂對向對觀，其能對者即是妙慧。此教詮於慧學。然經是化教，開誘化導也。律是制教，制約行業也。論則推徵，解釋經律之意也。今此盂蘭盆，據其名題即化教攝，屬於經藏。據其義意亦制教攝，屬於律藏。五乘者，乘以運載為名。五謂，人、天、聲聞、緣覺、菩薩。此五力有大小、載有遠近。一、人乘，謂三歸五戒，運載眾生越於三塗、生於人道，其猶小艇纔過谿澗。二、天乘，謂上品十善及四禪八定，運載眾生越於四洲、達於上界，猶如小船越小江河。三、聲聞乘，謂四諦法門；四、緣覺乘，謂十二因緣法門。皆能運載眾生越於三界，到有餘無餘涅槃，成阿羅漢及辟支佛，皆如大船越大江河。五、菩薩乘，謂悲智六度法門，運載眾生總超三界三乘之境，至無上菩提大般涅槃之彼岸，如乘舶過海也。今此經者，謂是人天乘所攝，在小乘藏中。

Second, the piṭakas and vehicles by which it is subsumed. As for the second, 'the piṭakas and vehicles by which it is subsumed': 'piṭakas' refers to the three piṭakas; 'vehicles' refers to the five vehicles. As for the three piṭakas: 1. Sūtra, which is translated here as 'tallying classic.' 'Tallying' means tallying with principle and tallying with capacity. As for 'classic,' the Buddhabhūmi-śāstra states: 'Pervading and subsuming is its meaning,' which means pervading the meanings that should be known and subsuming the sentient beings to be transformed. Among the three trainings, this teaching explains the training in samādhi. 2. Vinaya, which is translated here as 'taming and subduing.' 'Taming' means taming and refining the three karmas; 'subduing' means subduing faults and transgressions. This teaching explains the training in morality. 3. Abhidharma, which is translated here as 'facing the dharma.' 'Dharma' refers to nirvāṇa and the four noble truths; 'facing' means facing toward and facing to contemplate; that which is capable of facing is marvelous wisdom. This teaching explains the training in wisdom. Furthermore, sūtras are the teaching of transformation, opening up, inducing, and guiding. Vinaya is the teaching of regulation, regulating and restraining actions. Śāstras investigate and infer, explaining the meanings of sūtras and vinaya. Now, based on its title, this Ullambana is subsumed under the teaching of transformation and belongs to the sūtra-piṭaka; based on its meaning, it is also subsumed under the teaching of regulation and belongs to the vinaya-piṭaka. As for the five vehicles: 'vehicle' takes carrying and conveying as its name. 'Five' refers to humans, devas, śrāvakas, pratyekabuddhas, and bodhisattvas. The power of these five is large or small, and their conveying is far or near. 1. The human vehicle refers to the three refuges and five precepts, which convey sentient beings across the three destinies to be born in the human path, like a small skiff barely crossing a stream. 2. The deva vehicle refers to the superior ten virtuous actions, the four dhyānas, and the eight attainments, which convey sentient beings across the four continents to reach the upper realms, like a small boat crossing a small river. 3. The śrāvaka vehicle refers to the dharma gate of the four noble truths; 4. The pratyekabuddha vehicle refers to the dharma gate of the twelve links of dependent origination. Both can convey sentient beings across the Triple World to reach nirvāṇa with remainder and without remainder, becoming arhats and pratyekabuddhas, both like large boats crossing a great river. 5. The bodhisattva vehicle refers to the dharma gate of compassion, wisdom, and the six perfections, which conveys sentient beings comprehensively beyond the realms of the Triple World and the three vehicles to reach the other shore of unsurpassed bodhi and great parinirvāṇa, like boarding a ship to cross the ocean. As for this sūtra now, it is subsumed under the human and deva vehicles, within the Hīnayāna piṭaka.