首楞嚴義疏注經 8.38

8.38

"The bhikṣu has four grave [precepts]; the bhikṣuṇī adds another four, namely contact, eight [factors of consensual touch], concealing, and following, hence they are called the eight defeats. In Sanskrit it is pārājika, translated here as defeat; it means that one who violates this is forever cast out beyond the boundaries of the Buddha's Dharma, just like a corpse is not retained by the great ocean, hence it is named 'defeat'. Concerning entering the Mahāyāna path yet first studying the Hīnayāna, the Daśacakra Sūtra states: 'If one does not first study the Hīnayāna and instead studies the Mahāyāna, there is no such possibility.' It further states: 'If one lacks the capacity to drink from a river or a pool, how could one swallow the great ocean? Therefore, all bodhisattvas first study the three vehicles; they merely do not attain ultimate realization in the small.'"