請觀音經疏 1.19

1.19

Third, the introductory narrative: from "in the city was an elder" onward, there are three parts: first, the ritual of reverence; second, narrating the illness; third, the invocation, as in the text. Jīvaka was a worldly physician. That "wondrous arts could not save them": in terms of worldly wondrous arts, there are four: first, wondrous arts clarified within phenomenal causes and conditions, namely medical prescriptions, arts of immortals, incantations, and so forth. Second, the empty-view non-Buddhists who deny cause and effect, regarding this as right, which is an art. Third, arts of existence and non-existence; fourth, arts of neither-existence-nor-non-existence: external wondrous arts. These four wondrous arts worldly physicians cannot use to cure [them]. Due to the illness of craving and views, the five eyes are deprived of clarity, the five-fold body is emaciated and damaged, the essence of merit and wisdom is depleted, and people are bewitched and harmed by the five yakṣas of views and craving; therefore they invoke Avalokiteśvara (and so forth).