請觀音經疏闡義鈔 2.32

2.32

From "the form realm" downwards, the various concentrations are explained in terms of the with-outflows and outflow-free. The four dhyānas and four formless absorptions are concentrations with outflows; the eight liberations (aṣṭa-vimokṣāḥ) are outflow-free concentrations. As for "the first three liberations": 1. having perceptions of form internally, one externally contemplates forms; this rank is at the first dhyāna, able to abandon one's own stage and the lower stages, hence called renunciation and abandonment; 2. without perceptions of form internally, one externally contemplates forms; 3. the pure liberation personally realized. The latter five liberations are: 4. the liberation of the sphere of boundless space; 5. the liberation of the sphere of boundless consciousness; 6. the liberation of the sphere of nothingness; 7. the liberation of the sphere of neither-perception-nor-non-perception; 8. the liberation of the cessation of sensation and perception. That these eight are collectively called renunciation and abandonment (pṛṣṭhotsarga / vimokṣa) is because the *Da zhidu lun* says: "Renouncing is purifying the five desires; abandoning is letting go of the grasping mind; hence they are called renunciation and abandonment." If one generates genuine outflow-free wisdom and completely severs the bond-karma of the three realms, they are called the eight liberations. Therefore it says, "Hence we know that those who attain liberation have body and mind clear and tranquil." The phrases following mean that the eight stages of mastery (aṣṭāv abhibhv-āyatanāni), the ten totality-spheres (daśa kṛtsnāyatanāni), and other such outflow-free dhyānas are all the clarity and tranquility of body and mind.