四分律刪繁補闕行事鈔 1.377

1.377

更明十師成不之相。《四分》云：弟子知和尚犯戒，知不應如是人邊受，亦知雖受不得戒；如此具知，則不成受；反上成也。餘之九師，律無正文，準可知也。若和尚犯重，而羯磨師知，亦不成受；以了知所牒非比丘用故。若十師之內互知犯重，法亦不成；並了知犯者，不得共住，知何不該。若據律文，弟子知和尚破戒，未顯輕重。準義詳之，乃至犯吉羅者，亦不成受。以犯威儀，不應師德；知不得戒，強受不成，由無心故。既知必須見聞清淨，預須選擇，文云：令選擇取也。和尚德者，差互不同，律中所列百三十餘種。十夏一種，必須限定；餘之德相，如〈師資法〉中；故九夏和尚受戒得罪。二種闍梨五夏已上，律云多己五歲也。餘師隨夏多少。

Next, clarifying the signs of validity or invalidity regarding the ten masters. The Four-Part Vinaya states: 'If the disciple knows the upādhyāya has broken the precepts, knows he should not receive them from such a person, and also knows that although he receives them he will not attain the precepts; knowing fully like this, the upasampadā is not accomplished; the reverse of the above is accomplished.' Regarding the remaining nine masters, the Vinaya has no explicit text, but one can know by analogy. If the upādhyāya has committed a grave [offense] and the karman master knows it, the upasampadā is also not accomplished; because he clearly knows that the one being cited is not usable as a bhikṣu. If among the ten masters they mutually know of a grave offense, the rite is also not accomplished; since knowing of an offender means one cannot dwell together with him, how could such knowledge not encompass this? If relying on the Vinaya text, when the disciple knows the upādhyāya has broken the precepts, it does not distinguish between light and grave. Examining it by principle, even committing a duṣkṛta also prevents upasampadā from being accomplished. Because violating deportment does not suit the master's virtue; knowing one will not attain the precepts, forcing oneself to receive them will not accomplish it, due to having no intention. Since knowing requires that seeing and hearing be pure, one must choose in advance; the text states: 'Let them be selected and chosen.' As for the upādhyāya's virtues, they vary; the Vinaya lists more than 130 kinds. Having ten rains retreats is one requirement that must be strictly stipulated; the other marks of virtue are as in the 'Chapter on the Rules for Master and Disciple'; therefore, an upādhyāya of nine rains retreats who confers the precepts incurs an offense. The two kinds of ācārya must have five rains retreats or more, as the Vinaya states: 'five years older than oneself.' The remaining masters may have rains retreats according to their count.