四分律刪繁補闕行事鈔 3.222

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五明隨治雜相。《華嚴》云：若得食時，當願眾生，為法供養，志存佛道。《五分》：若不為解脫出家者，不得受請；若坐禪、誦經、檢校僧事，並為解脫出家者，聽受僧次。《十誦》：若到食處，應默然一心，淨持威儀，生他善心。當徐入、徐坐。應觀是食難求、難得、難成辨。當觀入口，在生藏、熟藏；若後出時，唯是不淨。由此食因緣，起種種煩惱，罪業，受苦果報。《五百問》云：昔有比丘，好樂衣服，晝夜染著，因病致死，後為化生蛇，還來纏衣；眾僧葬死比丘訖，取衣作法，蛇便延頸吐毒，僧共看之；有得道者，入四等觀，語蛇令去；遂入草中，毒盛，火出燒身，命終入地獄。《毘尼母》云：衣作念云，為除寒熱羞恥故；房作念言，為障風雨故；食作念言，為除飢渴因緣故。傳云：凡食不得過三匙；為斷一切惡故進初匙，為修一切善故進中匙，為度一切眾生故進後匙；乃至迴向佛道進餘菜茹等。餘如下說。《四分》云：量腹而食，度身而衣，趣足而已。又云：食知止足，故苦消滅，新苦不生；有力無事，令身安隱。《增一》云：多食五苦：一大便數，二小便數，三多睡眠，四身重不堪修業，五多患食不消化。故佛言：食知節量。因說偈云：「多食致病苦，少食氣力衰；處中而食者，如秤無高下。」《雜寶藏》中：有王試外道、比丘好惡二食，以驗知道法。比丘乃至說偈云：「是身如車，好惡無擇；香油臭脂，等同調滑。」《中含》云：告諸比丘，於生活中，下極至邊者，謂行乞食；世間大諱，為禿頭擎瓦鉢行。彼族姓子為義故受，以厭患生老病死諸苦惱故。若愚人出家，而行思欲，持戒慢緩；如以穢洗穢，何由可脫！前具列正教，必須準用；臨食五觀，口口緣之；隨得隨失者，為貪等毒所奪。

Fifth, explaining miscellaneous matters regarding remedial practices according to circumstances: The Avataṃsaka-sūtra states: "When obtaining food, one should vow that sentient beings make offerings of the Dharma, with their minds set on the Buddha's path." The Pañcavargika-vinaya states: "If one does not renounce the world for the sake of liberation, one must not accept personal invitations; if one sits in meditation, recites the sūtras, or oversees the affairs of the Saṃgha, all for the sake of liberation through renunciation, one is permitted to receive offerings in the community's turn." The Daśādhyāya-vinaya states: "When arriving at a place for a meal, one should be silent and single-minded, maintain pure deportment, and give rise to wholesome thoughts in others. One should enter slowly and sit down slowly. One should contemplate that this food is difficult to seek, difficult to obtain, and difficult to prepare. One should contemplate that when it enters the mouth, it resides in the stomach and the bowels; when it exits later, it is purely impure. Dependent on this food, various afflictions and sinful karmas arise, bringing bitter retributions." The Five Hundred Questions states: "In the past, there was a bhikṣu who was fond of robes, attached to them day and night. He fell ill and died, and was reborn as a supernatural snake that returned and coiled around the robes. After the Saṃgha had buried the dead bhikṣu, they took the robes to perform the legal karman; the snake extended its neck and spat venom, and the Saṃgha looked at it together. One who had attained the path entered the four immeasurables contemplation and told the snake to leave; it then entered the grass, where its venom flared up, catching fire and burning its body, and upon death it entered hell." The Vinayamātṛkā states: "Regarding robes, one reflects: 'It is to ward off cold, heat, and shame.' Regarding lodging, one reflects: 'It is to shield against wind and rain.' Regarding food, one reflects: 'It is to relieve hunger and thirst.'" A tradition states: "When eating, do not exceed three spoonfuls: eat the first spoonful to cut off all evil, eat the second spoonful to cultivate all good, and eat the third spoonful to deliver all sentient beings; and dedicate the remaining vegetables and such to the Buddha's path." The rest is as explained below. The Dharmaguptaka-vinaya states: "Eat according to the measure of the stomach, clothe the body according to its size, merely seeking sufficiency." It also states: "By knowing when to stop and be content with food, old suffering is extinguished and new suffering does not arise; having strength and being free of trouble, one keeps the body at peace." The Ekottarika-āgama states: "Excessive eating has five sufferings: first, frequent defecation; second, frequent urination; third, excessive sleep; fourth, heaviness of body rendering it unfit for spiritual practice; fifth, suffering much indigestion." Therefore the Buddha said: "Know moderation and measure in eating." Thereupon he spoke a verse: / "Eating much causes painful illness, / Eating little causes breath and strength to decline; / One who eats in moderation / Is like a scale without high or low." In the Saṃyuktaratnapiṭaka-sūtra: A king tested a tīrthika and a bhikṣu with fine and coarse food to examine their knowledge of the Dharma. The bhikṣu eventually spoke a verse: / "This body is like a cart, / Making no choice between good and bad; / Fragrant oil and foul grease / Equally lubricate it." The Madhyama-āgama states: "The Buddha told the bhikṣus: 'Among livelihoods, the lowest and most marginal is that of begging for food; worldly people abhor it greatly, regarding it as walking around with a shaven head holding an earthenware bowl. That son of good family accepted it for the sake of the ultimate truth, because of revulsion against the sufferings of birth, aging, sickness, and death. If a foolish person renounces the world yet pursues sensual desire and is lax in observing the precepts, it is like washing filth with filth—how could he ever be liberated?'" The proper teachings have been fully listed above, and they must be applied accordingly. Facing food, practice the five contemplations, recollecting them mouthful by mouthful; those who gain and immediately lose them are robbed by the poisons of greed and the like.