四分律刪繁補闕行事鈔 3.26

3.26

三色如法。《四分》云：上色染衣不得畜，當壞作袈裟色（此云不正色染，具有正翻）；若作五納衣者得。上色碎段者，裁作五納亦得。《涅槃》云：聽受衣服皮革等。雖聽畜種種衣，要是壞色。《十誦》云：一切青黃赤白黑，五種純色衣，不得著，除納衣。《戒本》三色，青、泥、棧也。《薩婆多》云：五大色衣，不成受作三衣，得作餘衣著。三點淨，用紺、黑、青。除三衣，餘衣三點淨。得皂木蘭，一切得受。純青淺青碧等點淨，得作衣裏用；若赤白黃不純大色者，亦得。若以不如法色染訖，更以如法色染覆，成受持。袈裟者，秦云染也；如結愛等，亦名染。真紫色、蘇方、地黃、柰黃、花黃色，並是非法。《僧祇》云：真緋、欝金染、紅藍染、皂色、青染、花色，不聽用；聽用根、葉、花、樹皮，下至巨摩汁等。《戒本》青、黑、木蘭。下文廣有染法。青謂銅青，黑謂雜泥等，木蘭者謂諸果汁等（此翻律者北方，為木蘭染法；《僧祇律》在吳地翻，以不見故）。予於蜀郡，親見木蘭樹皮，赤黑色鮮明，可以為染；微有香氣，亦有用作香者，如《善見》所說。遺教法律經中五色者，此非正錄，無知者用之。《四分》云：若青、若黑、若木蘭，一一色中隨意壞。《善見》云：善來比丘，瓦鉢貫左肩，青色袈裟，赤色鮮明（準此木蘭色也）。若見著五大色衣比丘，有智慧者當言：此是遭賊失衣比丘（準此，赤色不合受也）。準上律論及經，並不得純色，必有須壞；不壞不成受持著，著得罪如〈隨相〉中。

3. The color being in accordance with the Dharma. The Dharmaguptaka Vinaya states: "One must not keep robes dyed with primary colors; they must be disfigured to a kāṣāya color (this means dyeing with an improper color, which has an exact translation); if one makes a five-patch robe (pāṃśukūla), it is permitted. Small scraps of primary colors cut to make a five-patch robe are also permitted." The Nirvāṇa-sūtra states: "It is permitted to receive clothing, leather, and so forth. Although one is permitted to keep various kinds of clothing, it must be of a disfigured color." The Daśādhyāya-vinaya states: "One must not wear robes of the five pure colors: blue/green, yellow, red, white, or black, except for patched robes." The Prātimokṣa has three colors: blue/green, mud-color, and bark/brown. The Sarvāstivāda-vinaya-vibhāṣā states: "Robes of the five primary colors do not constitute [proper material] for taking and making the three robes; they may be made into other robes to wear. The three-dot purification uses dark blue, black, or blue/green. Except for the three robes, other robes receive the three-dot purification. If one obtains black or magnolia-bark color, all may be received. Pure blue/green, light blue, cyan, etc., after dot-purification, may be used as robe linings; if red, white, or yellow are not pure primary colors, they are also permitted. If dyed with an unlawful color and then dyed over with a lawful color, taking and keeping it is valid. Kāṣāya means 'dyed' in Qin [Chinese]; just as the fetters of attachment and so forth are also termed 'defilement/dye'. True purple, sappanwood, rehmannia-yellow, wild-apple yellow, and flower-yellow are all unlawful." The Mahāsāṃghika-vinaya states: "Pure crimson, saffron-dye, safflower-dye, dark black, pure indigo-dye, and variegated floral colors are not permitted to be used; roots, leaves, flowers, tree bark, down to cow-dung juice and the like are permitted to be used." The Prātimokṣa specifies blue/green, black, and magnolia-bark color. Below, dyeing methods are explained at length. Blue/green refers to verdigris; black refers to mixed mud and the like; magnolia-bark refers to various fruit juices and the like. (The translators of this vinaya were in the north, where it was the magnolia-bark dyeing method; the Mahāsāṃghika-vinaya was translated in the Wu region, where they did not see it.) In the commandery of Shu, I personally saw the bark of the magnolia-bark tree: it is a bright reddish-black, can be used for dyeing, has a slight fragrance, and is also used by some as incense, as stated in the Samantapāsādikā. As for the five colors mentioned in the Yijiao lüwei jing, that text is not an authentic canonical record, and only the ignorant use it. The Dharmaguptaka Vinaya states: "Whether blue/green, black, or magnolia-bark color, one may disfigure it with any of these colors as one pleases." The Samantapāsādikā states: "The 'ehi bhikṣu' had an earthenware bowl slung over his left shoulder, wore a blue/green kāṣāya, with a bright reddish tone (this corresponds to the magnolia-bark color)." If one sees a monk wearing robes of the five primary colors, a person of wisdom should say: "This is a monk who has lost his robes to thieves" (according to this, pure red is not permissible to receive). Based on the above Vinayas, treatises, and sūtras, pure colors are never permitted; they must be disfigured. If not disfigured, taking, keeping, and wearing them are invalid; wearing them incurs an offense as explained in "Conformity with Characteristics."