四分律刪繁補闕行事鈔 3.58

3.58

二簡施主法。就中，衣、藥、鉢、寶、穀米等，並須施主。前明上三施主。《僧祇》云：五眾得作。《善見》云：展轉者，五眾中隨得一人作施主；真實者，至一比丘所，不言對沙彌也。《五分》云：五人不應作：一不相識，二未相諳悉，三未相狎習，四非親友同師，五非時類。復有四人：一不能讚歎人，二不與人好名稱，三應淨施五眾，四不得與白衣。義準前五真實淨主；後四展轉淨主。《十誦》：不得稱二三人作淨，應與一人。若將他淨施物不還，應索取；不得者，彊奪取，語言：「佛有教，為清淨故與汝；汝今將去，已犯吉羅。」自今已去，說淨者應籌量，與一好人（謂對首受淨者）。《薩婆多》：求持戒多聞有德者而作，除惡邪、四重、得戒沙彌，聾盲瘂瞎、顛狂心，行別住、六夜、五法人等。為令清淨作證明，不生鬪諍，如上等人，則不如法；非此人者，用為施主，後得物已，於一比丘邊，稱施主名而說淨。錢寶穀米等，並以俗人為淨主。《涅槃》云：雖聽受畜，要須淨施篤信檀越。《薩婆多》云：先求知法白衣等，如後所說。

Second, selecting the donor. In this regard, robes, medicines, almsbowls, precious items, grain, and the like all require a donor. First, the donors for the first three [robes, medicines, bowls] are explained. The Mahāsāṃghika-vinaya says: Members of the five assemblies may act as such. The Samantapāsādikā says: In vicarious donation, any one person from among the five assemblies may be taken as the donor; in actual donation, one must go to a bhikṣu, and it does not mention doing so before a śrāmaṇera. The Pañcavargika-vinaya says: Five kinds of people should not be made donors: 1. an acquaintance not recognized; 2. one not yet thoroughly known; 3. one not yet accustomed and familiar; 4. one who is not a close friend or a fellow disciple of the same teacher; 5. one not of the same class or standing. There are also four kinds of people: 1. one who cannot praise others; 2. one who does not give others a good reputation; 3. one should make pure donation to the five assemblies; 4. one must not make it to a layperson. In principle, the former five correspond to the actual donation masters, and the latter four to the vicarious donation masters. The Daśādhyāya-vinaya states: One must not name two or three people to perform the purification; one should assign it to a single person. If someone takes an object that has been purified by donation and does not return it, one should demand it back; if one cannot get it, one may seize it by force, saying: "The Buddha instructed that it was given to you for the sake of purity; if you now take it away, you have committed a duṣkṛta." From this day forward, those who declare purification should assess carefully and assign it to a good person (meaning the one before whom one receives purification). The Sarvāstivāda states: One should seek out one who observes the precepts, is learned, and virtuous to act as such, excluding those of evil and heterodox views, those who have committed the four parājikas, śrāmaṇeras who have received the precepts, those who are deaf, blind, mute, or sightless, the insane, those undergoing parivāsa, the mānatva of six nights, or persons of the five acts. Because this is to serve as pure verification and prevent disputes, people such as the above are not in accord with the Dharma; those other than these people may be employed as donors; later, after obtaining the item, one recites the pure donation beside a bhikṣu, uttering the donor's name. For money, precious items, grain, and the like, a layperson is used as the pure owner. The Mahāparinirvāṇa-sūtra says: Although they are permitted to be received and kept, they must be purely donated to a faithful dānapati. The Sarvāstivāda-vinaya-vibhāṣā says: One should first seek out a layperson who understands the Dharma, and so forth, as explained below.