四分律刪繁補闕行事鈔 2.15

2.15

The Vinayavibhāṣā states: "In the vinaya it is said that offenses have five divisions." It explains: here [in China] they are called classes (piān). Now, relying on the original meaning, the name "divisions" (bù) is established. There are two meanings: first, the meaning of fulfilling the fundamental; second, the meaning of according with the fundamental. The first, the pārājika division, has sixteen offenses. It explains: each one has four divisions, forming sixteen offenses. The first is the distant preliminary expedient: as when engaging in sexual intercourse, one first gives rise to the thought but has not yet moved body or mouth; it is eliminated by reproving the mind. The second is the intermediate preliminary expedient: that is, moving the body toward that person, or speaking with the mouth expressing the desire to do it; this is eliminated by repenting before another person; they are generically called duṣkṛta. The third is the proximate preliminary expedient: arriving at the side of that person, or desiring to touch them, before the bodies have joined; this is a sthūlātyaya; because one touches with the expectation of engaging in sexual intercourse, not for the sake of amusement, it forms a sthūlātyaya and does not form a saṃghāvaśeṣa; this offense is repented before another person. The fourth is bodily intercourse, which is the fundamental. The preceding three preliminaries are all for the sake of completion; hence they are called "divisions." If the fundamental is not yet completed, the preceding three can be repented; if it is already completed, the preceding three follow the fundamental, and none can be repented; this is the meaning of "according with [the fundamental]". The other three [grave offenses] are modeled on this division. In the Dharmaguptaka Vinaya, it is merely said that what is completed is a pārājika, and what is uncompleted is a sthūlātyaya. If one follows the Daśādhyāya-vinaya, then sthūlātyayas are divided into light and heavy. In the Vinayavibhāṣā, only a single grade is designated. However, the essences of sthūlātyaya and duṣkṛta apply across both; one should understand them by analogous explanation. This will be discussed further as in the "Repentance Methods".