四分律刪繁補闕行事鈔 2.422

2.422

Why are they called preliminary expedients? Because through the three conditions above, one is about to reach the fruition, but is obstructed by the seven conditions and fails to accomplish it; hence they are preliminary expedients belonging to the primary [offense] (the meaning of the seven conditions is as explained below). If there are no seven conditions, they all enter into the primary fruition. What is the nature of the primary [offense]? Penetration to the extent of a hair's tip is called unchastity; lifting and removing from its original place is called stealing; severing the life-faculty is called killing; and words being clearly understood is called false speech. These have already been clarified in the chapter 'According to the Manifestations'. When the offense is established, it brings together the preceding causes to jointly form a single fruit; unlike other schools, where after the cause forms the fruit, there are further preliminary expedients of that original time. What is the subsequent preliminary expedient? It means that the action carried out has been completed according to one's desire; one gives rise to joy regarding the preceding intention without thinking of repenting and reforming; the offense is established again, universally incurring a duṣkṛta.