四分律刪繁補闕行事鈔 3.250

3.250

Second, explaining right and wrong regarding the objects of respect. The Dharmaguptaka Vinaya contains four [rules]: first, one should not pay homage to any layperson or woman; second, one who was ordained earlier should not pay homage to one ordained later; third, one does not pay homage to the thirteen classes of obstructed persons such as those who have committed border offenses, those who have been censured, those who have been expelled, those who ought to be expelled, and so forth; fourth, one does not pay homage to any who utter unlawful speech. The Ratnarāśi-sūtra states: If a precept-breaking bhikṣu accepts the reverence and prostrations of others who maintain the precepts, he incurs eight kinds of debasement: (1) he becomes foolish; (2) he becomes mute; (3) his countenance becomes ugly; (4) his face becomes twisted and crooked so that onlookers mock and laugh; (5) he is reborn in a female body as an impoverished servant-maid; (6) his physical body becomes emaciated and his lifespan shortened; (7) he is disrespected by others and always bears an evil reputation; (8) he does not encounter the era of a Buddha. For such a precept-breaker, there is not even a place on the great earth upon which he may spit. The rest is as described in the previous section. Second, regarding those who should be paid homage, there are two points: first, where there are no special circumstances, mutual respect is appropriate. In the Vinaya, a junior śrāmaṇerī pays homage to a senior śrāmaṇerī, and in this manner progressing upwards up to the Tathāgata and the stūpas. The rest is as explained below. The Dharmaguptaka Vinaya states: In ten kinds of improper deportment one should not pay homage: defecating, urinating, being naked, shaving the head, expounding the Dharma, chewing a tooth-wood, rinsing the mouth, drinking, eating, or consuming fruit. The Ekottarika-āgama states: One should not pay homage inside a stūpa. The Pañcavargika-vinaya states: One may not pay homage when harboring anger against one another or in a secluded place. The Daśādhyāya-vinaya states: When sleeping, sewing robes, amidst the great assembly, walking on the road, or during illness, one may not pay homage. The Mahāsāṃghika-vinaya states: When working with mud, washing robes, bathing, when the hands and feet are covered by a single robe, when walking rapidly, and so forth, one should not pay homage. The Daśādhyāya-vinaya states: Before a Buddha stūpa or a śrāvaka stūpa, oneself and others may not pay homage to one another. The Five Hundred Questions states: Paying homage to a bhikṣu in front of a Buddha stūpa constitutes a pāyattika offense. The Mahāsāṃghika-vinaya states: When circumambulating a stūpa, reciting sutras, reading sutras, copying sutras, teaching sutras, or in the dark, one may not pay homage at all. All these are because another object of reverence is present.