四分律刪繁補闕行事鈔 3.52

3.52

The rule for the nivāsana (translated here as "inner garment"): The *Mahāsāṃghika-vinaya* states: 'The Buddha himself put on the inner garment before the saṃgha to instruct the bhikṣus, and thereby instituted the precept.' The *Daśādhyāya-vinaya* states: 'When working, one wears a small nivāsana.' The *Three Thousand [Norms]* states: 'The method of wearing the nivāsana: first, do not lift the bottom to put it on the top; second, make the four borders even; third, fold the pleats near the left side; fourth, tie the belt on the right side; fifth, wrap it three times without letting both ends hang down. The remaining rules are as stated there.' The *Five Hundred Questions* states: 'In severe cold, one may tie it around the legs.' The *Dharmaguptaka Vinaya* states: 'It must not be worn pleated in reverse, because in lay households it would come undone and expose oneself; one should attach ties to wear it. It must not be made with superior colors, brocade, or white; it should be made in kāṣāya color. It should be three finger-breadths wide and wrap around the waist three times. If one obtains ready-made cloth, it should be divided into two, three, or four strips; if it is unraveled, sew it together; if it is short, join it with cord; if it is fine and soft and tears easily, make ties and loops (this means that after wrapping the garment around the body, one uses a cord around the silk to bind it securely).' Nowadays, monks of Wu and Shu often use this method to wear their skirts. The *Daśādhyāya-vinaya* and the *Pañcavargika-vinaya* state: 'When working, take the cloth, pass it through the crotch from behind, and pleat it in front. The method of wearing the lower garment: the left covers over the top; two pleats on both sides, and two pleats in the back.' The *Daśādhyāya-vinaya* states: 'If the nivāsana is torn, one should temporarily make a kusūla out of it. If a tender-bodied bhikṣu rubs his shins until they break, opening it about five inches at the bottom, he should formally accept it (this resembles a skirt sewn together all the way around).' The *Pañcavargika-vinaya* states: 'When someone wore a kusūla garment, laypeople reproached him, saying, "How is this different from us wearing poncho-style garments?" Thereupon it was not permitted to be worn. If the antarvāsa is ruined, it is permitted to temporarily sew it together to wear for the time being (this resembles a woman's skirt).'