四分律行事鈔資持記 1.262

1.262

二明用僧，明僧義中，初句示位。律云：有四種僧。一者四人僧，除受戒（白召對問二單白，中受一白四。）、自恣（五德和僧一白）、出罪（懺殘一白四），餘一切羯磨應作。（疏云：除三單白，二白四，自餘皆四僧攝。）二者五人僧，除中國受戒、出罪。三者十人僧，除出罪。四者二十人僧，一切羯磨應作。汎下，示名義。若下，簡濫。略舉非相，委如〈足數〉。文中五句。初句及四，並約能秉。次句是所為。第三通能所，如對眾問難捨墮受懺；能秉之人，即所量故。第四相乖，如四儀差互等。上四別示，下句總括。通下，指廣。言七種者，總收眾別也。疏云：對心念法，立一人僧；對於對首，立眾多人僧（二三人也）；對於眾法，立四人僧。又云：莫不弘秉，通號僧焉。（舊云僧簡別者，謬矣。）下指《義鈔》文逸。（舊云檢彼無文，非也。）《業疏》總義中廣明體相，非可卒示；須學方知；即下〈羯磨篇〉，亦明七位；法事如非，尋之可領。

Second, clarifying employing the Saṃgha. In clarifying the meaning of Saṃgha: the first sentence indicates the status. The vinaya states: there are four kinds of Saṃgha. First, a Saṃgha of four persons: except for ordination (two single motions for summoning and questioning, and one motion with three proclamations for central ordination), pravāraṇā (one motion for the five virtues harmonizing the Saṃgha), and rehabilitation from offenses (one motion with three proclamations for repenting saṃghāvaśeṣa), all other karmas may be performed. (The Commentary states: except for three single motions and two motions with three proclamations, all the rest are subsumed under the four-person Saṃgha.) Second, a Saṃgha of five persons: except for ordination in the Central Region and rehabilitation from offenses. Third, a Saṃgha of ten persons: except for rehabilitation from offenses. Fourth, a Saṃgha of twenty persons: all karmas may be performed. From "generally" onwards, indicating names and meanings. From "if" onwards, screening confusion: briefly raising invalid marks, detailed as in the "Sufficient Numbers." In the text there are five clauses: the first clause and the fourth both concern the performers; the next clause is the recipient; the third applies to both performer and recipient, as when questioning about impediments before the assembly, forfeiting niḥsargika-pāyattika, and receiving repentance—the person who can hold the transaction is precisely the one being evaluated; the fourth is discordance of marks, such as conflicting four postures, etc. The above four are individually shown, and the lower clause sums them up. From "all" onwards, pointing to details: speaking of seven kinds broadly encompasses the assembly and individuals. The Commentary states: relative to mental methods, an assembly of one person is established; relative to face-to-face, an assembly of multiple persons is established (two or three persons); relative to assembly methods, an assembly of four persons is established. It also states: there are none that do not uphold and enact, all being universally designated as Saṃgha. (The old claim that Saṃgha excludes individuals is mistaken.) Below, pointing to the lost text of the Meaning Manual. (The old claim that on checking there was no such text is wrong.) The General Meanings of the Karma Commentary extensively clarifies the essence and marks; it cannot be shown in haste, and one must study to know it; the "Chapter on Karmavācanā" below also clarifies the seven ranks; whether karma affairs are valid or invalid can be grasped by investigating it.